Table I.
Demographics, clinical presentation, cardiovascular risk factors and pre-admission medications of patients treated for chronic limb ischemia by percutaneous interventions with (EPD) or without embolic protection device (no EPD).
| All interventions n = 836 |
No EPD n = 749 |
EPD n = 87 |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (mean ± SD) | 72 ± 11 | 72 ± 11 | 70 ± 10 | 0.06 |
| Female | 368 (44) | 337 (45) | 31 (36) | 0.1 |
| Clinical presentation | ||||
| Lower extremity claudication | 380 (46) | 332 (44) | 48 (55) | 0.07 |
| Critical limb ischemia | 456 (54) | 417 (56) | 39 (45) | 0.07 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| Hypertension | 714 (86) | 640 (86) | 74 (85) | 0.9 |
| Cigarette smoking | 577 (69) | 517 (69) | 60 (69) | 1 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 621 (74) | 547 (73) | 74 (85) | 0.02 |
| CAD | 436 (52) | 392 (52) | 44 (51) | 0.75 |
| CKD Stage >III | 187 (22) | 178 (24) | 9 (10) | 0.004 |
| Diabetes | 417 (50) | 381 (51) | 36 (41) | 0.09 |
| Baseline creatinine, mg/dL | 1.4 ± 1.3 | 1.5 ± 1.3 | 1.2 ± 1.2 | 0.08 |
| Preadmission medications | ||||
| Any antiplatelet therapy | 649 (78) | 583 (78) | 66 (76) | 0.7 |
| ASA | 589 (70) | 527 (70) | 62 (71) | 0.9 |
| Clopidogrel | 211 (25) | 174 (23) | 37 (43) | <.001 |
| Coumadin | 127 (15) | 109 (15) | 18 (21) | 0.13 |
| Statins | 540 (65) | 478 (64) | 62 (71) | 0.17 |
| Ezetimibe | 71 (8) | 63 (8) | 8 (9) | 0.8 |
| Nitrates | 158 (19) | 137 (18) | 21 (24) | 0.19 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 225 (27) | 202 (27) | 23 (26) | 0.92 |
| ACE inhibitor | 498 (60) | 441 (59) | 57 (66) | 0.23 |
| β-blockers | 543 (65) | 487 (65) | 56 (64) | 0.9 |
| Diuretics | 426 (51) | 378 (50) | 48 (55) | 0.67 |
SD, standard deviation; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease