Table 2.

Group Comparisons of Neuropsychological Variables

	Descriptives				Omnibus Test
Outcome Variable	VC n=116 M SD	mTBI-o n=53 M SD	PTSD-o n=32 M SD	mTBI+PTSD n=50 M SD	F N=251	p
D-KEFS (Scaled Score)
Visual Scanning	10.83	9.92	10.31	8.86	6.454**	0.000
	2.172	2.401	2.645	3.844
D-KEFS (Scaled Score)
Number Seq.	10.87	10.00	10.25	9.44	4.133**	0.007
	2.217	2.660	2.806	2.880
D-KEFS (Scaled Score)
Letter Seq.	10.90	10.25	10.16	10.00	2.191	0.090
	2.010	2.303	2.713	3.051
D-KEFS (Scaled Score)
N-L Switching	10.31	9.51	10.28	9.18	2.952*	0.033
	2.095	2.991	2.020	3.274
D-KEFS (Scaled Score)
Motor Speed	11.50	11.09	11.13	11.22	0.941	0.422
	1.489	2.169	1.680	1.607
D-KEFS (Scaled Score)
Letter Fluency	10.41	9.49	9.38	10.16	1.484	0.219
	3.424	2.998	3.035	3.093
D-KEFS (Scaled Score)
Categ. Fluency	11.97	11.51	11.00	10.02	4.443**	0.005
	3.301	3.533	2.794	2.959
D-KEFS (Scaled Score)
Categ. Switch	11.03	10.55	10.13	9.74	1.826	0.143
	3.383	3.343	3.035	3.999
D-KEFS (Scaled Score)
Color Naming	9.24	9.56	8.09	9.28	1.525	0.209
	3.427	2.725	3.166	2.997
D-KEFS (Scaled Score)
Word Reading	9.74	10.37	8.72	9.26	1.899	0.130
	3.549	2.151	3.324	3.752
D-KEFS (Scaled Score)
Inhibition	9.70	9.73	8.88	9.76	0.561	0.641
	3.487	3.088	3.696	3.543
CPT (T Score)
Commissions	49.05	50.66	49.90	49.50	0.369	0.776
	9.750	9.698	6.694	9.779
CPT (T Score)
Hit Rate	47.52	45.67	46.30	48.13	0.670	0.571
	10.109	8.698	7.131	12.471
CPT (T Score)
Standard Error	47.65	49.29	52.16	51.49	2.394	0.069
	10.210	9.120	9.988	13.334
CVLT-II (Raw Score)
Trials 1–5	54.17	53.21	49.97	48.40	5.308**	0.001
	8.935	7.682	10.721	10.753
CVLT-II (Z Score)
Short Delay	.22	.18	−.06	−.29	3.316*	0.021
	.967	.986	.948	1.187
CVLT-II (Z Score)
Long Delay Free	.07	.11	−.23	−.58	5.554**	0.001
	.972	.939	1.047	1.259
CVLT-II (Z Score)
Long Delay Cued	.06	.09	−.28	−.53	5.060**	0.002
	1.040	.741	1.016	1.162
WCST (T Score)
Total Correct	50.34	51.13	47.00	51.18	2.555	0.056
	7.601	5.735	10.791	5.858
WCST (T Score)
Total Errors	50.10	50.49	45.75	50.44	2.677*	0.048
	8.599	7.462	11.007	7.349
WCST (T Score)
Perseverative Errors	49.19	48.28	44.44	47.94	2.553	0.056
	7.240	7.767	8.424	5.666
WCST (T Score)
Non-persev. Errors	48.02	49.66	44.75	48.54	2.392	0.069
	8.565	7.555	10.271	7.098
WAIS-IV (Scaled Score)
Digit Symbol	10.50	9.49	10.19	9.24	4.551**	0.004
	2.149	1.938	2.494	2.847
WAIS-IV (Scaled Score)
Symbol Search	10.90	10.06	9.88	10.18	2.544	0.057
	2.305	2.134	2.673	2.876
WAIS-IV (Standard Score)
PSI	103.34	98.60	100.03	98.46	3.422*	0.018
	10.334	9.580	11.803	14.116

^*p<0.05; ^**p<0.01.

VC, veteran controls; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; mTBI-o, deployment mild traumatic brain injury only; PTSD-o, current post-traumatic stress disorder only; mTBI+PTSD, deployment mild traumatic brain injury and current post-traumatic stress disorder; D-KEFS, Delis Kaplan Executive Function System; CPT, Continuous Performance Test; CVLT-II, California Verbal Learning Test, 2nd edition; WCST, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; WAIS-IV, Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th edition; PSI, Processing Speed Index.