Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients in the active and inactive cohorts
| Active patients, RG ≥16 (N=628) | Inactive patients, RG <16 (N=1,138) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, male (%) | 70.7 | 56.2 | <0.001 |
| Age, mean ± SD (yr) | 61.6±9.9 | 65.3±10.1 | <0.001 |
| BMI, mean ± SD (kg/m2) | 28.6±4.7 | 31.7±5.8 | <0.001 |
| Obese (% with BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | 33.5 | 58.0 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference | |||
| Male, mean ± SD (cm) | 102.2±13.0 | 109.5±13.4 | <0.001 |
| Female, mean ± SD (cm) | 95.5±13.6 | 102.8±14.2 | <0.001 |
| Waist ≥102 cm (male) (%) | 46.6 | 69.8 | <0.001 |
| Waist ≥88 cm (female) (%) | 74.3 | 86.5 | <0.001 |
| SPC (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Self-employed | 8.2 | 10.7 | |
| Farmer | 4.0 | 5.0 | |
| Worker | 13.2 | 13.9 | |
| Employee | 29.2 | 29.9 | |
| Middle manager | 19.2 | 12.8 | |
| Senior manager | 17.0 | 9.9 | |
| No profession | 9.0 | 17.8 | |
| Living alone (%) | 10.0 | 14.1 | 0.015 |
| Duration of diabetes (%) | <0.001 | ||
| <1 yr | 4.0 | 2.3 | |
| 1–5 yr | 29.9 | 17.9 | |
| 5–10 yr | 24.4 | 28.7 | |
| >10 yr | 41.7 | 51.1 | |
| Number of antidiabetics, mean ± SD (including insulin) | 1.9±0.8 | 2.1±0.9 | <0.001 |
| % in monotherapy | 39.2 | 28.9 | <0.001 |
| % in dual therapy | 37.9 | 41.6 | <0.001 |
| % in triple therapy or more | 22.9 | 29.5 | <0.001 |
| % with insulin (± OAD) | 21.0 | 29.7 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c < mean ± SD | 7.1±0.9 | 7.5±1.2 | <0.001 |
| % with A1C<7.0% | 55.6 | 37.2 | <0.001 |
| % with A1C>7.5% | 25.4 | 43.4 | <0.001 |
| % with A1C>8.0% | 13.5 | 27.1 | <0.001 |
| Duration of hypertension (%) | <0.001 | ||
| <1 yr | 5.6 | 3.2 | |
| 1–5 yr | 27.0 | 16.9 | |
| 5–10 yr | 30.2 | 29.4 | |
| >10 yr | 37.1 | 50.5 | |
| Number of antihypertensives, mean ± SD | 1.9±1.0 | 2.2±1.0 | <0.001 |
| % monotherapy | 43.9 | 27.2 | <0.001 |
| % dual therapy | 31.7 | 36.6 | |
| % triple therapy or more | 24.4 | 36.3 | |
| BP <140/90 mmHg office (%) | 65.4 | 51.2 | <0.001 |
| BP <135/85 mmHg ambulatory (%) | 64.9 | 45.3 | <0.001 |
| Smokers (%) | 8.1 | 12.5 | 0.005 |
| Dyslipidemia (treated) (%) | 64.0 | 71.2 | 0.002 |
| % of patients with any diabetic complication | 41.1 | 56.1 | <0.001 |
| Microvascular complications (%) | 22.9 | 39.7 | <0.001 |
| Retinopathy | 6.8 | 11.7 | 0.001 |
| Nephropathy | 15.8 | 26.8 | <0.001 |
| Neuropathy | 5.6 | 12.7 | <0.001 |
| Diabetic foot | 1.4 | 2.4 | 0.18 |
| Macrovascular complications (%) | 25.5 | 33.9 | <0.001 |
| Coronary disease | 18.8 | 22.1 | 0.106 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 3.5 | 6.5 | 0.008 |
| Lower limb arteriopathy | 5.9 | 13.5 | <0.001 |
| CHF (%) | 1.0 | 4.7 | <0.001 |
| COPD (%) | 3.3 | 7.7 | <0.001 |
| Osteoarticular disorder (%) | 15.1 | 43.9 | <0.001 |
Note: Comparisons between both groups (active patients and inactive patients): chi-square test for qualitative variables; Student’s t-test for quantitative variables.
Abbreviations: RG, Ricci-Gagnon; SD, standard deviation; yr, years; BMI, body mass index; SPC, socioprofessional category; OAD, oral antidiabetic agents; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; BP, blood pressure; CHF, chronic heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.