Table 1.

Overview of patients and healthy controls

Group Variables	Patients (n=11)	Healthy controls (n=11)	Statistics P-value
Age (years)	58 (35–75)	23 (20–28)	<0.001*
Sex (% female)	55%	55%	1.0
Body mass index (kg/m2)	24.7 (20.2–30.0)	22.6 (20.8–26.5)	0.065
Pain duration (months)	65 (30–180)	0	<0.001*
Pain intensitya (0–100 mm)	72 (40–87)	0	<0.001*
Opioid doseb (mg/day)	0 (0–480)	0	0.076
On opioids (%)	45%	0%	0.035*
On tricyclics or duloxetine (%)	36%	0%	0.090
On gabapentinoids (%)	36%	0%	0.090
On paracetamolc (%)	45%	0%	0.035*
On NSAIDc (%)	18%	0%	0.476

Notes:

^aAt inclusion, patients were asked to grade their average pain intensity for the last week on a visual analog scale of 0–100 mm, whereas the pain status of healthy controls was investigated by an extensive structured interview. All controls were free of pain;

^bin oral morphine equivalents;

^cexcluding treatment “as needed”. Data are presented as median (range) or percentages. Furthest to the right are the results of the statistical comparisons between patients and healthy controls;

^*significant group difference.

Abbreviation: NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.