LJ inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α
(A, E), IL-1β
(B, F), MCP-1 (C, G), and MMP-9 (D, H) production in BV-2 microglial cells. Cells were pretreated with the indicated concentrations of LJ for 30 min and then exposed to 100 ng/mL of LPS for 6 h. mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, MMP-9, and β-actin were evaluated by RT-PCR. Densitometric results are presented as the mean±SEM (n=3). Cells were pretreated with the indicated concentrations of LJ for 30 min and then exposed to 100 ng/mL of LPS for 24 h. The concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, and MMP-9 were measured in culture media using commercial ELISA kits. Data are presented as the mean±SEM (n=6). ***P<.001 compared with the control group. #P<.05, ##P<.01, and ###P<.001 compared with the LPS-treated group. IL-1β, interleukin-1β; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.