Table 2. Characteristics of study participants.
| <50 nmol/l | 50–75 nmol/l | >75 nmol/l | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects | 4,571 | 2,784 | 2,294 |
| Age, years | 70.9 (10.7) | 63.5 (8.7) | 62.1 (7.9) |
| Sex, male | 1,725 (37.7) | 1,303 (46.8) | 1,139 (49.7) |
| Body mass index, kg/m 2 | 28 (5) | 27 (4) | 26 (4) |
| 25-hydroxyvitamin D, nmol/l | 32.6 (10.6) | 61.8 (7.1) | 95.0 (16.5) |
| C-reactive protein, mg/l | 2.0 (0.8–4.1) | 1.4 (0.6–3.1) | 1.2 (0.5–2.7) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 141 (22) | 138 (20) | 136 (20) |
| eGFR, ml/min/1,73m 2 | 81 (19) | 82 (17) | 82 (16) |
| TC/HDL ratio | 4.5 (1.4) | 4.3 (1.3) | 4.2 (1.3) |
| Alcohol intake, gram/day | 5.7 (0.3–15.0) | 15.0 (1.4–16.3) | 15.0 (2.9–24.3) |
| Smoking | |||
| Never | 1,504 (32.9) | 799 (28.7) | 623 (27.2) |
| Former | 1,931 (42.2) | 1,388 (49.9) | 1,156 (50.4) |
| Current | 1,064 (23.3) | 566 (21.0) | 499 (21.8) |
| Prevalent DM | 701 (15.3) | 272 (9.8) | 148 (6.5) |
| Level of education | |||
| ISCED 0 | 692 (15.1) | 286 (10.3) | 225 (9.8) |
| ISCED 1 | 1,838 (40.2) | 1,130 (40.6) | 904 (39.4) |
| ISCED 2 | 1,275 (27.5) | 806 (29.0) | 714 (31.1) |
| ISCED 3 | 742 (16.2) | 548 (19.7) | 424 (18.5) |
Numbers show mean (SD) for age, body mass index, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, systolic blood pressure, eGFR and TC/HDL ratio, median (IQR) for C-reactive protein and alcohol intake, and frequency (%) for sex, smoking, prevalent DM and level of education
Abbreviations: eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; TC/HDL ratio = total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio; DM = diabetes mellitus; ISCED = International Standard Classification of Education