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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 6.
Published in final edited form as: Spinal Cord. 2014 May 6;52(8):578–587. doi: 10.1038/sc.2014.62

Table 1.

Overview of Studies

Ref Number of Participants Type of SCI Included Study Setting Type of Study Level of Evidence and Rating of Study Quality
(18)

  • 134 enrolled

    134 completed

 ntSCI + tSCI

  • Out-patient rehab

  • Netherlands, National

 Post Test Level 4
DB=9
(19)

  • 149 enrolled

    116 completed

 ntSCI + tSCI

  • Out-patient rehab

  • Netherlands, National

 Cohort Study Level 2
DB=12
(20)

  • 95 enrolled (clinicians)

    95 completed (clinicians)

  • N/A

  • In-patient rehab

  • USA, Single Center

 Post-test Level 4
DB=7
(21)

  • 51 (cohort 1), 37(cohort 2), 46 (cohort 3) enrolled

  • 51 (cohort 1), 37(cohort 2), 46 (cohort 3) completed

  • tSCI

  • Acute

  • USA, National

 Pre-post Level 4
DB=12
(22)

  • 115 enrolled

    82 completed

  • ntSCI + tSCI

  • In-patient rehab

  • Netherlands, National

 Pre-post Level 4
DB=13
(23)

  • 4432 enrolled

    4432 completed

  • ntSCI + tSCI

  • In-patient rehab

  • USA, National

 Pre-post Level 4
DB=11
(24)

  • NR (clinicians)

  • N/A

  • All phases of care

  • West Scotland, Regional

 Pre-post Level 4
DB=3
(25)

  • 53 (cohort 1), 95 (cohort 2) enrolled

  • 53 (cohort 1), 95 (cohort 2) completed

  • ntSCI

  • Acute

  • UK, Single Center

 Pre-post Level 4
DB=14
(26)

  • 22 (cohort 1), 36 (cohort 2) enrolled

  • 22 (cohort 1), 36 (cohort 2) completed

  • NR

  • Acute

  • USA, Single Center

 Pre-post Level 4
DB=16
(27)

  • 3015 (year 1), 3038 (year 2) enrolled

  • ntSCI + tSCI

  • Community

  • USA, National

 Post-test Level 4
DB=5
(28)

  • 922 completed (with both year 1 and 2 data)

  • Community

  • USA, National

 Pre-post Level 4
DB=19
(29)

  • 76 (cohort 1), 93 (cohort 2) enrolled

  • 76 (cohort 1), 93 (cohort 2) completed

  • tSCI

  • Acute

  • Canada, Single Center

 Pre-post Level 4
DB=14

Abbreviations: DB, Downs and Black study quality rating score; ntSCI, non-traumatic spinal cord injury; N/A, not applicable; NR, not reported; tSCI, traumatic spinal cord injury; UK, United Kingdom; USA, United States of America

Note. Reference #30 only cites facilitators and barriers related to references #21 and #23, so is only included in Table 5. Number of participants enrolled is the number at the beginning of the study. Number of participants completed is the number who remained until the study completion.