Table 2.

Overview of KT Interventions

Ref	Description of the KT Intervention	Type	Type of Evidence Used to Develop the KT Intervention
(18), (19)	The concept of transmural care was developed and implemented. A transmural nurse liaised people with SCI living in the community with primary care professionals and the rehab center to provide support and continuity of care.	Patient Care	Multiple studies (no RCTs) Expert opinion
(20)	An educational KT intervention was developed and pilot tested where basic competencies, identified by the Clinical Coordination Committee to be necessary for the care of SCI, were either taught in classes or presented at a Competency Fair for staff.	Education	Joint Commission of Rehabilitation Facilities (JCAHO) Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF)
(21)	A Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine clinical practice guideline for preventing thromboembolism in SCI, which includes administering appropriate pharmacologic prophylaxis to the appropriate individuals for appropriate duration, was implemented.	Patient Care	Clinical practice guideline(s) Multiple studies (include RCT)
(22)	‘Patient monitoring’ project implemented a set of seven tests (e.g. wheelchair skills, physical capacity, muscle strength, etc.) that measured body function and activity using ICF levels to systematically monitor functional progress of patients during rehab.	Outcome Measure	Outcome measures with established psychometric properties
(23)	A Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine clinical practice guideline for neurogenic bowel management in SCI, which includes thorough documentation of functional assessments, patient education and colorectal cancer screening and was implemented.	Patient Care	Clinical practice guideline(s) Expert opinion
(24)	MSCC clinical guideline was developed and disseminated via local board implementation groups to decrease the time from detection of MSCC to treatment. The guideline includes a list of key signs and symptoms, as well as, a screening and treatment protocol for suspected MSCC.	Patient Care	Multiple studies (no RCTs) Expert opinion
(25)	A care pathway was developed and implemented to standardize the way patients with spinal cord compressions are managed; specifically, to identify patients who are ready to be mobilized or require surgery and decrease the risk of complication as a result of flatbed rest.	Patient Care	Multiple studies (no RCTs) Analyses or observation of own current practice Expert opinion A pilot study
(26)	A clinical pathway was developed and implemented to ensure all patients with cervical or high thoracic SCI admitted to the ICU received standardized treatment according to clinical practice guidelines and best available evidence.	Patient Care	Clinical practice guideline(s) Multiple studies (no RCTs)
(27,28)	A mail campaign was initiated to send individuals with SCI living in the community and health care providers at SCI centers reminders encouraging vaccinations and emphasizing the benefit. A computerized reminder system and standing order were also implemented in the centers to remind the health care professionals of the vaccination. Used QUERI implementation approach.	Education	Recommendations by expert panel Multiple studies (no RCTs)
(29)	A multi-disciplinary care team for patients with acute SCI was formed to improve patient care. The team met weekly to discuss patient cases, develop order forms, protocols and a handbook for patients and families containing relevant information about spine, spinal cord, treatment, support groups, and different hospital wards.	Patient Care	Systematic review/meta-analysis Multiple studies (no RCTs)

Abbreviations: ICF, International classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; ICU, intensive care unit; MSCC, Malignant Spinal Cord Compression; rehab, rehabilitation; SCI&D, spinal cord injury and disease; RCT, randomized controlled trials; QUERI, Quality Enhancement Research Initiative