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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Psychiatr Res. 2015 Apr 4;65:154–165. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.03.020

Table 3.

Effects of patient and treatment characteristics on anxiety recurrence in simple (a) and multivariable (b) logistic regression models.

a. Simple logistic regression models
Treatment assignment
Overall Collaborative care Usual care
Independent variables N = 274 N = 171 N = 103
OR 95% CI P value OR 95% CI P value OR 95% CI P value
Random Treatment
Collaborative Care 0.58 0.35–0.98 0.04 - - - - - -
Baseline (pretreatment) characteristics
Agea 0.99 0.97-1.01 0.28 1.00 0.97–1.02 0.51 0.99 0.96–1.02 0.36
Female 0.86 0.5–1.48 0.58 0.85 0.41–1.79 0.67 0.87 0.39–1.92 0.72
Hispanic 1.78 0.93-3.42 0.08 1.70 0.71–4.06 0.23 1.81 0.66–4.92 0.25
White (non-Hispanic) 0.62 0.37-1.03 0.06 0.73 0.38–1.43 0.36 0.45 0.2–1.02 0.06
Black (non-Hispanic) 0.74 0.32–1.75 0.50 0.43 0.12–1.56 0.20 1.51 0.41–5.59 0.53
Multiple races (non-Hispanic) 1.87 0.85-4.11 0.12 1.53 0.56–4.14 0.40 3.22 0.76–13.7 0.11
US born 1.04 0.52-2.07 0.92 1.41 0.53–3.74 0.50 0.74 0.26–2.09 0.57
Some post-high school education 0.53 0.29–0.96 0.04 0.34 0.16–0.72 0.005 1.04 0.38–2.82 0.94
Patient's income (in thousands)a 1.00 0.99–1.00 0.29 1.00 0.99–1.01 0.59 0.99 0.98–1 0.22
Number of dependent childrena 1.17 0.92-1.49 0.21 1.25 0.92–1.71 0.16 1.03 0.7–1.52 0.86
Baseline BSI-12a 1.06 1.03–1.10 0.0003 1.07 1.03–1.12 0.002 1.06 1.01–1.12 0.02
Baseline ASIa 1.03 1.01-1.05 0.004 1.02 0.99-1.05 0.08 1.06 1.02-1.10 0.004
Baseline SDSa 1.06 1.02-1.10 0.001 1.06 1.01-1.11 0.01 1.06 1.01-1.12 0.03
Baseline PHQ-8a 1.06 1.02-1.11 0.006 1.07 1.01-1.13 0.02 1.08 1.01-1.17 0.03
GAD diagnosis 0.89 0.50-1.57 0.68 1.05 0.49–2.26 0.90 0.73 0.3–1.75 0.48
PD diagnosis 1.27 0.76-2.12 0.36 1.30 0.67–2.54 0.44 1.30 0.58–2.92 0.53
SAD diagnosis 1.14 0.67–1.92 0.63 0.92 0.46–1.87 0.82 1.43 0.64–3.2 0.39
PTSD diagnosis 1.34 0.60-3.00 0.47 1.51 0.59–3.85 0.39 1.49 0.29–7.75 0.64
Number of anxiety disorders - - 0.38 - - 0.56 - - 0.61
    1 reference reference reference
    2 1.20 0.48-3.01 - 1.47 0.73-2.96 - 1.51 0.66–3.45 -
    3 or 4 1.46 0.86-2.47 - 1.25 0.39-3.97 - 1.31 0.27–6.47 -
OCD diagnosis 1.27 0.40-4.00 0.68 1.07 0.27–4.32 0.92 3.00 0.26–34.2 0.38
MDD diagnosis 1.32 0.80-2.18 0.28 0.91 0.47–1.78 0.79 2.73 1.21–6.16 0.02
Suicidal ideation in past month 1.00 0.41-2.45 0.99 1.04 0.35–3.13 0.94 1.10 0.23–5.17 0.91
Lifetime suicide attempt 1.33 0.65-2.74 0.44 1.29 0.51–3.25 0.59 1.53 0.46–5.11 0.49
Alcohol abuse (past 3 months) 1.63 0.43-6.25 0.47 3.91 0.63–24.18 0.14 0.47 0.05–4.7 0.52
Alcohol abuse (past 12 months) 1.46 0.45-4.74 0.53 2.62 0.63–10.93 0.19 0.47 0.05–4.7 0.52
Alcohol dependence (past 12 months) 1.53 0.33-6.97 0.59 0.83 0.08–8.14 0.87 3.00 0.26–34.2 0.38
Number of chronic medical conditions - - 0.21 - - 0.36 - - 0.35
    0 reference reference reference
    1 1.34 0.66-2.74 - 0.98 0.37–2.65 - 1.78 0.62–5.17 -
    2 or more 1.73 0.94-3.20 - 1.61 0.73–3.56 - 2.03 0.76–5.43 -
Self-perceived financial resources - - 0.053 - - 0.11 - - 0.39
    More than enough money reference reference reference
    Just enough 2.73 1.13–6.6 - 3.23 0.9–11.68 - 2.31 0.67–7.98 -
    Less than enough 3.06 1.21-7.76 - 4.16 1.1–15.67 - 2.36 0.59–9.37 -
Self-perceived SES overalla 0.85 0.72-0.99 0.04 0.97 0.8–1.18 0.74 0.57 0.4–0.8 0.001
Self-perceived SES in communitya 0.89 0.77–1.02 0.09 0.92 0.77–1.09 0.35 0.84 0.66–1.06 0.14
Self-efficacy expectancya 0.0.94 0.78-1.12 0.48 0.92 0.73–1.16 0.47 0.93 0.68–1.27 0.64
Outcome expectancya 1.06 0.91–1.24 0.46 1.01 0.82–1.25 0.91 1.14 0.89–1.45 0.31
Comfort with mental health helpa 1.06 0.93–1.21 0.41 1.07 0.9–1.27 0.42 1.05 0.84–1.33 0.66
6-month characteristics
Married or cohabitating 0.46 0.28-0.77 0.003 0.35 0.17–0.69 0.003 0.56 0.25–1.27 0.16
Employed 0.71 0.38-1.31 0.27 0.57 0.25–1.28 0.17 0.99 0.38–2.59 0.99
Any health insurance 0.58 0.28–1.17 0.13 0.47 0.19–1.15 0.10 0.78 0.24–2.5 0.67
Medicaid 4.29 1.26-14.65 0.02 2.56 0.5–13.17 0.26 8.11 0.91–72.13 0.06
Medicare 1.87 0.85-4.11 0.12 2.29 0.73–7.21 0.16 1.33 0.44–3.98 0.62
Other government insurance (e.g. Tricare) 0.66 0.13–3.35 0.62 0.62 0.07–5.64 0.67 0.72 0.06–8.2 0.79
Private insurance 0.51 0.28–0.93 0.03 0.44 0.21–0.96 0.04 0.62 0.24–1.6 0.32
Social support (SSS)a 0.81 0.63-1.04 0.10 0.97 0.7–1.34 0.84 0.60 0.39–0.91 0.02
6-month BSI-12a 1.22 1.05-1.42 0.01 1.11 0.91–1.34 0.31 1.38 1.08–1.78 0.01
6-month ASIa 1.05 1.02-1.09 0.0004 1.05 1.01-1.09 0.02 1.06 1.01-1.11 0.01
6-month SDSa 1.11 1.05-1.16 0.0002 1.08 1.01-1.16 0.02 1.13 1.04-1.23 0.006
6-month PHQ-8a 1.12 1.04-1.20 0.002 1.09 1–1.2 0.049 1.18 1.04–1.33 0.009
Number of psychotropics in past 6 mo.a 1.08 0.88–1.33 0.48 1.19 0.89–1.57 0.24 0.99 0.72–1.35 0.94
>2 mo. of any anxiolytic in past 6 mo. 0.90 0.54–1.50 0.69 1.28 0.64–2.56 0.48 0.55 0.25–1.24 0.15
    >2 mo. of antidepressant in past 6 mo. 0.81 0.49-1.34 0.41 1.04 0.53–2.03 0.91 0.61 0.28–1.36 0.23
        >2 mo. of bz in past 6 mo. 2.76 1.42-5.35 0.003 4.04 1.73–9.47 0.001 1.56 0.53–4.55 0.42
    >2 mo. of other anxiolytic in past 6 mo. 1.30 0.41-4.10 0.65 1.02 0.19–5.43 0.98 1.53 0.29–7.96 0.62
Any counseling with CBT elements 0.94 0.53-1.66 0.83 6.73 0.86-52.41 0.07 0.85 0.39-1.88 0.69
Counseling with ≥ 3 CBT elements sometimes provided at office visits 0.80 0.48-1.35 0.41 1.58 0.60-4.16 0.36 0.82 0.35-1.93 0.65
Counseling with ≥ 3 CBT elements usually provided at office visits 0.75 0.45-1.26 0.27 1.35 0.68-2.69 0.39 0.16 0.02-1.34 0.09
Smoking (cigarettes/day)a 1.11 1.04-1.18 0.003 1.12 1.03–1.23 0.01 1.08 0.98–1.2 0.11
Patient satisfactiona 0.84 0.71-0.99 0.04 0.97 0.77–1.22 0.77 0.75 0.57–1 0.047
b. Multivariable logistic regression models
Treatment assignment
Overall Collaborative Care Usual care
N = 274 N = 171 N = 103
Independent predictors OR 95% CI P Value OR 95% CI P Value OR 95% CI P Value
6-month SDSa 1.07 1.01-1.13 0.02 - - - - - -
Smoking (cigarettes/day)a 1.10 1.02-1.18 0.01 - - - - - -
Married or cohabitating 0.46 0.26-0.82 0.008 0.27 0.12-0.59 0.001 - - -
6-month ASIa 1.05 1.02-1.08 0.004 1.06 1.01-1.1 0.01 - - -
>2 mo. of benzodiazepine in past 6 mo. 2.88 1.36-6.12 0.006 5.05 1.92-13.30 0.001 - - -
Some post-high school education - - - 0.34 0.15–0.82 0.02 - - -
Baseline ASIa - - - - - - 1.06 1.02-1.11 0.003
Self-perceived SES overall (1-10 scale)a - - - - - - 0.55 0.38-0.81 0.002
Logistic regression adjusted r2 0.22 0.26 0.26
a

Variables are continuous (all variables without notation are categorical).

Note: Boldface type indicates independent variable significant at Wald chi-square p < 0.05 in simple logistic regression analysis. All significant variables were included in backward stepwise logistic regression to yield final multivariable models.

Abbreviations: BSI-12 = 12-item Brief Symptom Inventory for anxiety and somatization; ASI = Anxiety Sensitivity Index; SDS = Sheehan Disability Scale; PHQ-8 = 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (depression scale); GAD = generalized anxiety disorder; PD = panic disorder; SAD = generalized social anxiety disorder; PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder; OCD = obsessive compulsive disorder; MDD = major depressive disorder; SES = socioeconomic status (1-10 scale, 10 is highest); SSS = Social Support Survey from the Medical Outcomes Study; mo. = months; bz = benzodiazepine; CBT = cognitive behavioral therapy.