Table 1.

Associations of diabetes biomarkers with participant characteristics, n=413

Characteristic		LnAdiponectin, mg/L	LnCRP, mg/L	LnGGT, U/L	HA1c, %
All Participants	Meana	10.0	2.2	21.9	5.77
	95% CI	9.4,10.6	2.0, 2.5	20.7, 23.2	5.70,5.84
Men, n=313	Meana	8.9	2.4	24.0	5.8
Women, n=100	Meana	14.0	1.8	16.7	5.6
	p-valuec	<0.0001	0.07	<0.0001	0.008
Age <50 years, n=93	Meana	8.9	2.0	21.7	5.5
Age 50-64.9 years, n=219	Meana	10.2	2.2	22.4	5.8
Age ≥65 years, n=101	Meana	10.5	2.6	21.1	6.0
	p-valuec	0.15	0.19	0.69	<0.0001
BMI <25 kg/m2, n=74	Meana	14.2	1.1	17.3	5.5
BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2, n=174	Meana	9.8	2.2	22.2	5.7
BMI >30 kg/m2, n=167	Meana	8.7	3.0	24.0	5.9
	p-valuec	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0004	<0.0001
≤<High School, n=142	Meana	9.5	2.7	23.7	5.9
Some College, n=132	Meana	10.9	2.1	20.5	5.7
≥4-year College, n=139	Meana	9.6	1.9	21.6	5.7
	p-valuec	0.15	0.01	0.11	0.08
Smoker, n=43	Meana	9.5	2.7	22.2	5.8
Non-smoker, n=370	Meana	10.0	2.2	21.9	5.8
	p-valuec	0.58	0.22	0.89	0.93
Alcohol Use, n=301	Meana	10.0	2.2	23.0	5.7
No Alcohol Use, n=107	Meana	9.9	2.1	19.2	6.0
	p-valuec	0.83	0.77	0.002	0.003
Prevalent Diabetesd, n=64	Meana	8.7	2.2	23.9	6.9
No Prevalent Diabetesd, n=349	Meana	10.2	2.4	21.6	5.6
	p-valuec	0.13	0.44	0.14	<0.0001
Incident Diabetese, n=16	Meana	6.8	4.9	26.4	6.3
No Incident Diabetese, n=271	Meana	10.5	2.1	21.2	5.5
	p-valuec	0.003	<0.0001	0.18	0.003
Hemoglobin A1c, %	r	−0.15	0.10	0.10	-
	p-valueb	0.003	0.04	0.05
Cholesterol, mg/dL	r	0.10	0.04	0.11	−0.13
	p-valueb	0.04	0.40	0.03	0.009
Triglycerides, mg/dL	r	−0.36	0.18	0.32	0.17
	p-valueb	<0.0001	0.0002	<0.0001	0.0005

^aGeometric mean for adiponectin, CRP, GGT, arithmetic mean for HA1c.

^bP-values are for Pearson's correlation coefficients.

^cP-values are from Student's t-test or ANOVA.

^dDiagnosed diabetes reported in 2004-2005 and/or HA1c≥6.5%.

^eNo diagnosed diabetes reported in 2004-2005 and reported diabetes diagnosis in 2010