Table 2.
Univariable Analyses of Factors Associated with Referral for Surgery for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
| Characteristics | Referred (N=1,466) | Not Referred (N=2,110) | OR (95% CI) | P-Value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Characteristics | ||||
| Age in years Mean (SD) | 62.6 (11.2) | 64.1 (11.6) | 0.99 (0.98, 0.99) | <.001 |
| Male sex N (%) | 1,093 (74.6) | 1,672 (79.2) | 0.77 (0.66, 0.90) | .001 |
| Race N (%) | <.001 | |||
| White | 1064 (72.6) | 1501 (71.1) | 1.00 | -- |
| African-American | 234 (16.0) | 419 (19.9) | 0.79 (0.66, 0.94) | .009 |
| Hispanic | 40 (2.7) | 80 (3.8) | 0.71 (0.48, 1.04) | .078 |
| Asian | 88 (6.0) | 75 (3.6) | 1.66 (1.20, 2.27) | .002 |
| Other/Unknown | 40 (2.7) | 35 (1.7) | 1.61 (1.02, 2.55) | .042 |
| Insurance type N (%) | <.001 | |||
| Private | 611 (41.7) | 671 (31.8) | 1.00 | -- |
| Medicare | 597 (40.7) | 925 (43.8) | 0.71 (0.61, 0.82) | <.001 |
| Medicaid | 157 (10.7) | 313 (14.8) | 0.55 (0.44, 0.69) | <.001 |
| Other | 101 (6.9) | 201 (9.5) | 0.55 (0.42, 0.72) | <.001 |
| Income, $1000s Median (IQR) | 50.3 (40-66) | 46.8 (36-62) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) | <.001 |
| Percent high school graduates Median (IQR) | 88.7 (84-92) | 87.7 (82-91) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.02) | .001 |
| Other Characteristics | ||||
| SEER summary stage N (%) | <.001 | |||
| Localized | 1110 (75.7) | 869 (41.2) | 1.00 | -- |
| Regional | 304 (20.7) | 751 (35.6) | 0.32 (0.27, 0.37) | <.001 |
| Distant | 52 (3.6) | 490 (23.2) | 0.08 (0.06, 0.11) | <.001 |
| Proximity to high volume surgical center (<30 minutes) N (%) | 858 (58.5) | 1,372 (65.0) | 0.76 (0.66, 0.87) | <.001 |
| Rural residence Median (IQR) | 0.8 (20.3) | 0.6 (17.5) | 1.23 (0.97, 1.57) | .087 |
Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; IQR: Interquartile range; N: number of patients; OR: odds ratio; SD: standard deviation; SEER: National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program.
*
P-values were calculated using univariable logistic regression analyses.