A, analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation immediately after UVB irradiation in B16F10 cells pre-treated with Qu for 24 hours. The generation of ROS was measured using BD FACS Calibur Aria. B, represents the fold increase in DCF fluorescence (a measure of ROS formation) relative to control. *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01 for control versus treatments; #, P<0.05, ##, P<0.01 for control versus UVB-alone treatment versus UVB + Qu treatments. C, effect of ascorbic acid (1 mM) on cell viability in response to treatment of UVB–irradiated B16F10 cells with Qu; UVB control cells were taken as 100% viable. D, analysis of intracellular free Ca2+ immediately after UVB exposure in B16F10 cells pre-treated with Qu for 24 hours. E, represents the effect of UVB (5 mJ/cm2) on calcium elevation in BAPTA-AM preloaded B16F10 cells. F, represents the fold increase in intracellular free calcium relative to control. *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01 for control versus treatments; #, P<0.05, ##, P<0.01 for control versus UVB-alone treatment versus UVB + Qu treatments.