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| carbamazepine | valproate | lamotrigine | topiramate | oxcarbazepine | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 125 | 151 | 135 | 76 | 167 |
| Adverse events | 32(25.6) | 36(23.8) | 15(11.1) | 20(26.3) | 23(13.8) |
| Lack of efficacy | 29(23.2) | 49(32.5) | 30(22.2) | 20(26.3) | 45(26.9) |
| Others a | 8(6.4) | 7(4.6) | 4(3.0) | 1(1.3) | 11(6.6) |
aOthers: other reasons including pregnancy, poor economic conditions, non-compliance (discontinuation of AEDs by themselves with a single discontinuation time of ≥ two weeks), deaths related to seizures
