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. 2015 May 21;4(2):283–306. doi: 10.3390/pathogens4020283

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© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Arenavirus life cycle. 1. Cellular entry is mediated by different cellular receptors (αDG for OW and NW clade C arenaviruses; TfR1 for NW Clade B). Entry of some viruses (e.g., LASV) may also involve a pH-dependent switch to an intracellular receptor (LAMP1) located in the lysosomes. 2. Virus uptake into cells is mediated by endocytosis (OW arenaviruses: clathrin-independent, NW: clathrin-dependent). 3. Virus fusion occurs with the late endosome. 4. Viral RNP is released into the cytoplasm via a pH-dependent membrane fusion mechanism. 5. Viral genome replication, transcription, and protein expression strictly occur in the cytoplasm. 6. Virion assembly and budding occur at the plasma membrane.