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. 2015 Mar 31;6(2):153–170. doi: 10.3390/jfb6020153

Figure 1.

Figure 1

SEM image of nanoporous Ta2O5: (a) top view; (b) the bottom view and the cross section of multilayer; (c) shorted life nanotubes (arrow); (d) the top view of multilayer formed on a Ta after anodization for 120 min in 1 M H2SO4 + 3.3 wt % NH4F, 20 V, SEM image of nanoporous Nb2O5; (e) top view and (f) cross section formed on niobium after anodization for 16 min in 1 M H2SO4 + 3.3 wt % NH4F, 20 V and SEM image of ZrO2 nanotubes (g) top view; (h) cross section and (i) bottom view formed on a zirconium after anodization for 95 min in 1 M (NH4)2SO4 + 0.3 wt % NH4F, pH = 5 and 20 V.