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. 2015 Jun 11;5(9):1030–1044. doi: 10.7150/thno.11642

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Plot of the calculated DMF values from publications versus beam energy. For energies up to 200 kV, we identified 21 publications dealing with in vitro, 2 in vivo and 2 with both in vitro and in vivo experiments during the period 2008-2014. In the range from 200 kV to 1 MV, 3 in vitro publications were studied. Upon in vitro experiments, the DMF varies from 0.1 to 1.2. Lower values (which are representative of a high radiosensitization) were observed for lower energies. Concerning high-energy beams, 13 publications were analyzed for in vitro, 1 for in vivo experiments and 1 for both; 1 used a 4 MV beam, 13 a 6 MV, 1 a 10 MV and 1 a 15 MV. Upon in vitro experiments, the DMF varies from 0.7 to 0.8 for passive GNP, 0.5 for PEG-coated GNP and 0.6 for a Photofrin® and quantum dots combination.