Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and questionnaire data for the clinically depressed and control groups.
| Variables | DG (N = 32) |
CG (N = 32) |
Statistics (df) | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | |||
| Female, n (%) | 21 (66%) | 24 (75%) | 0.67 (1) | 0.10 |
| Age (years) | 36.13 (12.68) | 38.38 (12.32) | −0.72 (62) | 0.18 |
| Higher education, n (%) | 23 (72%) | 24 (75%) | 0.08 (1) | 0.04 |
| BDI-II | 20.66 (7.83) | 2.09 (3.44) | 12.28 (62)** | 3.07 |
| SUIS-17 | 53.91 (12.31) | 48.81 (12.06) | 1.67 (62) | 0.42 |
| Manipulation check | ||||
| Mental imagery | ||||
| Ability | 4.12 (0.75) | 4.22 (0.66) | −0.53 (62) | 0.14 |
| Concentration | 3.50 (0.84) | 3.72 (0.73) | −1.11 (62) | 0.28 |
| Difficulty | 2.63 (1.01) | 1.87 (0.98) | 3.02 (62)** | 0.76 |
| Autobiographical | 3.09 (1.20) | 3.00 (0.98) | 0.34 (62) | 0.08 |
| Counting syllables | ||||
| Ability | 3.47 (1.11) | 4.19 (1.00) | −2.73 (62)** | 0.68 |
| Concentration | 2.66 (1.00) | 3.78 (1.16) | −4.16 (62)** | 1.03 |
| Difficulty | 2.47 (1.27) | 1.81 (1.18) | 2.15 (62)* | 0.54 |
| Looking at pictures | ||||
| Ability | 3.91 (0.89) | 4.38 (0.83) | −2.17 (62)* | 0.55 |
| Concentration | 3.66 (1.34) | 3.44 (1.13) | 0.71 (62) | 0.18 |
| Difficulty | 3.19 (1.12) | 2.44 (1.19) | 2.60 (62)* | 0.65 |
DG, depressed group; CG, control group; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; BDI-II, Beck depression inventory-II; SUIS-17, The German 17-item version of the spontaneous use of imagery scale.
For dichotomous variables, we calculated the chi-squared test with w as the effect size estimation (47). For continuous variables, the results of sample t tests with Cohen’s d as effect size are reported.
*p < 0.05.
**p < 0.01.