Skip to main content
. 2015 Jul 2;3:e1071. doi: 10.7717/peerj.1071

Table 2. Hazard ratios of suicides by depressive symptoms in Korean middle-aged men (n = 10,238).a .

Unadjusted analysis Adjusted analysisb
Categories of depressive symptoms (score) No. of suicidesc p-value HR (95% CI) p-value HR (95% CI)
Total BDI score (0–63) Five-score increase 41 <0.001 1.4 (1.2–1.5) 0.01 1.2 (1.1-1.5)
2-group analysisd No-to-moderate (0–30) 14 1.0 (Reference) 1.0 (Reference)
Severe (31–63) 27 <0.001 5.4 (2.8–10.6) 0.004 3.4 (1.5–7.7)
5-group analysisd No (0–13) 3 1.0 (Reference) 1.0 (Reference)
Mild (14–21) 6 0.51 1.6 (0.4–6.8) 0.69 1.4 (0.3–6.1)
Moderate (22–30) 5 0.70 1.4 (0.3–6.3) 0.94 0.9 (0.2–5.0)
Severe (31–39) 12 0.009 5.4 (1.5–19.4) 0.12 3.3 (0.7–14.4)
Extreme (40–63) 15 <0.001 10.2 (3.0–35.0) 0.05 4.6 (1.0–21.5)
Trend teste 41 <0.001 1.9 (1.5–2.5) 0.009 1.6 (1.1–2.2)

Notes.

BDI
Beck Depression Inventory
CI
confidence interval
HR
hazard ratio
a

Hazard ratios were calculated using a Cox proportional hazards model over multiple imputed data.

b

Adjusted for age at enrollment, smoking status, drinking status, body mass index, self-rated health, marital status, educational status, household monthly income and participant group.

c

Number of suicides may not match those of the other groups of depressive symptoms due to rounding of averages over multiple imputed data.

d

Cut-off score based on quartiles and the last decile.

e

Five categories of Depressive symptoms were analyzed as ordinal variables.