Table 2. Hazard ratios of suicides by depressive symptoms in Korean middle-aged men (n = 10,238).a .
Unadjusted analysis | Adjusted analysisb | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Categories of depressive symptoms (score) | No. of suicidesc | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | |
Total BDI score (0–63) | Five-score increase | 41 | <0.001 | 1.4 (1.2–1.5) | 0.01 | 1.2 (1.1-1.5) |
2-group analysisd | No-to-moderate (0–30) | 14 | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | ||
Severe (31–63) | 27 | <0.001 | 5.4 (2.8–10.6) | 0.004 | 3.4 (1.5–7.7) | |
5-group analysisd | No (0–13) | 3 | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | ||
Mild (14–21) | 6 | 0.51 | 1.6 (0.4–6.8) | 0.69 | 1.4 (0.3–6.1) | |
Moderate (22–30) | 5 | 0.70 | 1.4 (0.3–6.3) | 0.94 | 0.9 (0.2–5.0) | |
Severe (31–39) | 12 | 0.009 | 5.4 (1.5–19.4) | 0.12 | 3.3 (0.7–14.4) | |
Extreme (40–63) | 15 | <0.001 | 10.2 (3.0–35.0) | 0.05 | 4.6 (1.0–21.5) | |
Trend teste | 41 | <0.001 | 1.9 (1.5–2.5) | 0.009 | 1.6 (1.1–2.2) |
Notes.
- BDI
- Beck Depression Inventory
- CI
- confidence interval
- HR
- hazard ratio
Hazard ratios were calculated using a Cox proportional hazards model over multiple imputed data.
Adjusted for age at enrollment, smoking status, drinking status, body mass index, self-rated health, marital status, educational status, household monthly income and participant group.
Number of suicides may not match those of the other groups of depressive symptoms due to rounding of averages over multiple imputed data.
Cut-off score based on quartiles and the last decile.
Five categories of Depressive symptoms were analyzed as ordinal variables.