Table 2. Clinical characteristic of the study subjects.
| Parameters | Non-diabetic control (NDC) (n = 31) | Pre-diabetes (PD) (n = 38) | Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (n = 47) | p values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (M/F) | 18/13 | 26/12 | 31/16 | |
| Age (Years) | 35.48 ± 6.8 | 34.55 ± 6.6 | 38.63 ± 9.8 | 0.632 |
| Weight (kg) | 65.01 ± 6.5 | 65.93 ± 7.1 | 65.92 ± 5.6 | 0.789 |
| BMI (kg/m 2) | 24.43 ± 2.7 | 24.21 ± 2.5 | 23.93 ± 2 | 0.807 |
| Fasting Plasma Glucose (mg/dL) | 90.1 ± 12.5 | 107.2 ± 9.1 | 196 ± 17.6 | <0.001* |
| Fasting Plasma Insulin (μIU/mL) | 7.57 ± 3.5 | 10.51 ± 2.6 | 22.94 ± 4.1 | <0.001* |
| 2-hr Post-dose Plasma Glucose (mg/dL) | 144.3 ± 11.2 | 182.1 ± 16.1 | 372.1 ± 26.5 | <0.001* |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.26 ± 0.2 | 6.07 ± 0.2 | 7.64 ± 0.5 | <0.001* |
| HOMA-IR | 1.68 ± 0.76 | 2.79 ± 0.8 | 7.92 ± 1.5 | <0.001* |
| 1/QUICKI | 3.49 ± 0.08 | 3.04 ± 0.11 | 2.79 ± 0.19 | <0.001* |
| 1/ISI 0,120 | 0.014 ± 0.002 | 0.023 ± 0.002 | 0.046 ± 0.012 | <0.001* |
*Represents statistically significant differences among non-diabetic control (NDC), pre-diabetes (PD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). M and F stand for male and female, respectively. *p < 0.05 (statistically significant). Results are mean ± SD.