Skip to main content
. 2015 May 30;38(4):703–719. doi: 10.1007/s10545-015-9861-5

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Molecular mechanisms of chronic disease progression in which persistent or increased ROS/damage load and/or decreased levels of NAD+ drive the transition from AMPK/PGC-1α/FOXO3a-linked repair responses towards pro-inflammatory responses controlled by the mTOR/HIF-1α/NF-κB axis. See text for further explanation