TABLE 2 ] .
Baseline Resource Use and Costs
| Parameter | All Patients (N = 183,681) | Comorbidities | |||||||
| CKD (n = 18,181) | CVD (n = 64,011) | Asthma (n = 27,046) | Depression (n = 18,102) | Diabetes (n = 41,922) | Osteoporosis (n = 12,644) | Anemia (n = 26,033) | No Comorbidity (n = 64,232) | ||
| Resource use,a No. (%) | |||||||||
| All-cause ED visits | |||||||||
| Leading to hospitalizations | 16,767 (9.1) | 4,216 (23.2) | 11,056 (17.3) | 3,749 (13.9) | 2,813 (15.5) | 5,874 (14.0) | 1,419 (11.2) | 5,299 (20.4) | 1,616 (2.5) |
| Not leading to hospitalizations | 40,151 (21.9) | 6,938 (38.2) | 21,202 (33.1) | 8,181 (30.2) | 6,005 (33.2) | 11,918 (28.4) | 3,180 (25.2) | 9,155 (35.2) | 7,562 (11.8) |
| All-cause hospitalizations | 28,963 (15.8) | 6,905 (38.0) | 18,772 (29.3) | 5,762 (21.3) | 4,468 (24.7) | 9,860 (23.5) | 2,357 (18.6) | 8,794 (33.8) | 3,196 (5.0) |
| All-cause office visits | 165,533 (90.1) | 17,349 (95.4) | 60,074 (93.8) | 25,573 (94.6) | 17,061 (94.2) | 39,762 (94.8) | 11,990 (94.8) | 24,712 (94.9) | 53,865 (83.9) |
| All-cause other outpatient visits | 168,291 (91.6) | 17,766 (97.7) | 61,611 (96.3) | 25,730 (95.1) | 17,464 (96.5) | 40,589 (96.8) | 12,198 (96.5) | 25,318 (97.3) | 54,336 (84.6) |
| COPD- or asthma-related ED visits | |||||||||
| Leading to hospitalizations | 3,071 (1.7) | 437 (2.4) | 1,598 (2.5) | 1,552 (5.7) | 499 (2.8) | 1,014 (2.4) | 279 (2.2) | 621 (2.4) | 338 (0.5) |
| Not leading to hospitalizations | 6,074 (3.3) | 821 (4.5) | 2,967 (4.6) | 2,469 (9.1) | 959 (5.3) | 1,642 (3.9) | 523 (4.1) | 1,197 (4.6) | 923 (1.4) |
| COPD- or asthma-related hospitalizations | 4,645 (2.5) | 663 (3.6) | 2,430 (3.8) | 2,236 (8.3) | 704 (3.9) | 1,500 (3.6) | 424 (3.4) | 952 (3.7) | 548 (0.9) |
| COPD- or asthma-related office visits | 43,501 (23.7) | 4,448 (24.5) | 16,714 (26.1) | 12,601 (46.6) | 4,497 (24.8) | 9,913 (23.6) | 3,998 (31.6) | 6,715 (25.8) | 11,282 (17.6) |
| COPD- or asthma-related other outpatient visits | 50,468 (27.5) | 5,806 (31.9) | 20,744 (32.4) | 12,390 (45.8) | 5,241 (29.0) | 12,385 (29.5) | 4,565 (36.1) | 8,578 (33.0) | 13,003 (20.2) |
| Costs, mean (SD),b $ | |||||||||
| All-cause ED visit costs | |||||||||
| Leading to hospitalization | 78.6 (633.9) | 228.6 (1,394.1) | 154.8 (949.8) | 120.3 (640.0) | 148.4 (780.2) | 123.1 (677.4) | 96.2 (570.7) | 195.9 (1,206.4) | 18.8 (197.4) |
| Not leading to hospitalization | 193.2 (964.5) | 342.9 (1,628.5) | 294.1 (1,300.8) | 311.8 (1,157.7) | 384.2 (1,582.0) | 261.2 (1,293.2) | 221.4 (1,251.2) | 334.9 (1,503.8) | 94.3 (552.1) |
| All-cause hospitalization costs | 2,113.1 (15,096.5) | 7,816.1 (35,849.2) | 4,615.2 (23,415.6) | 2,866.2 (17,705.3) | 4,543.2 (28,269.4) | 3,655.4 (21,835.7) | 2,558.7 (18,003.4) | 6,570.4 (31,749.0) | 352.3 (3,660.7) |
| All-cause office visit costs | 482.4 (500.3) | 731.4 (647.4) | 628.8 (586.4) | 609.5 (588.3) | 639.1 (605.9) | 608.8 (561.6) | 643.7 (651.4) | 726.4 (699.5) | 316.4 (356.3) |
| All-cause other outpatient visit costs | 3,841.8 (10,751.5) | 8,321.2 (22,228.3) | 5,954.2 (14,748.3) | 4,090.3 (9,535.7) | 5,882.9 (12,775.2) | 5,170.4 (13,700.9) | 4,957.6 (10,600.9) | 8,058.6 (20,230.9) | 2,045.1 (6,386.2) |
| All-cause medical costs (ED + hospitalization + office visits + other outpatient) | 6,709.1 (20,155.3) | 17,440.1 (44,852.1) | 11,647.1 (29,860.0) | 7,998.1 (21,673.3) | 11,597.8 (33,604.4) | 9,818.8 (27,875.8) | 8,477.5 (23,265.1) | 15,886.2 (40,247.2) | 2,826.9 (7,823.3) |
| All-cause prescription drug costs | 2,636.5 (3,705.4) | 3,678.1 (4,288.3) | 3,118.3 (4,549.5) | 2,843.7 (3,595.1) | 3,422.4 (6,040.7) | 3,554.6 (4,711.9) | 3,287.5 (4,545.1) | 3,442.8 (4,687.0) | 1,976.8 (2,828.0) |
| All-cause total health-care costs (medical costs + prescription drug costs) | 9,094.5 (16,330.1) | 19,405.5 (29,521.0) | 14,125.4 (22,539.5) | 10,583.2 (17,066.6) | 14,200.2 (22,676.7) | 12,827.1 (20,527.3) | 11,437.6 (17,798.1) | 18,010.9 (28,059.2) | 4,789.9 (8,237.6) |
| COPD- or asthma-related ED visit costs | |||||||||
| Leading to hospitalization | 11.5 (163.5) | 16.0 (161.9) | 17.2 (194.0) | 40.7 (323.4) | 18.3 (162.2) | 15.4 (148.3) | 15.6 (169.4) | 16.9 (226.4) | 3.2 (61.7) |
| Not leading to hospitalization | 20.0 (222.2) | 22.2 (202.0) | 25.3 (239.1) | 65.9 (418.2) | 35.7 (286.3) | 21.9 (214.9) | 21.6 (191.8) | 26.8 (282.5) | 8.0 (132.9) |
| COPD- or asthma-related hospitalization costs | 193.5 (2,602.1) | 345.3 (4,690.5) | 315.6 (3,724.5) | 690.3 (5,052.3) | 338.9 (3,288.7) | 294.1 (3,458.8) | 285.5 (2,721.3) | 347.7 (4,475.8) | 50.1 (963.6) |
| COPD- or asthma-related office visit costs | 43.2 (122.5) | 47.9 (144.9) | 51.5 (146.9) | 89.0 (193.2) | 52.1 (137.3) | 44.4 (155.6) | 68.3 (177.2) | 53.3 (187.4) | 28.5 (85.4) |
| COPD- or asthma-related other outpatient visit costs | 281.5 (1,710.5) | 431.4 (2,443.7) | 399.3 (2,173.8) | 387.9 (2,094.4) | 416.7 (2,633.2) | 327.5 (1,860.5) | 497.6 (2,674.8) | 438.0 (2,308.1) | 179.1 (1,269.1) |
| COPD- or asthma-related medical costs (ED + hospitalization + office visits + other outpatient) | 549.7 (3,334.8) | 862.7 (5,495.9) | 808.9 (4,580.3) | 1,273.8 (5,775.2) | 861.7 (4,523.4) | 703.3 (4,195.8) | 888.4 (4,181.6) | 882.7 (5,315.2) | 269.0 (1,712.9) |
| COPD- or asthma-related prescription drug costs | 591.7 (669.0) | 575.6 (659.3) | 590.1 (669.4) | 582.6 (646.3) | 498.3 (620.3) | 570.8 (656.5) | 678.0 (704.5) | 570.0 (657.0) | 601.7 (677.6) |
| COPD- or asthma-related total health-care costs (medical costs + prescription drug costs)c | 1,138.6 (3,185.3) | 1,421.3 (4,476.5) | 1,391.0 (4,113.6) | 1,845.1 (5,191.1) | 1,359.2 (4,578.9) | 1,267.1 (3,708.9) | 1,566.5 (4,302.5) | 1,441.0 (4,641.2) | 870.7 (1,906.3) |
See Table 1 legend for expansion of abbreviations.
a
Resource use from the index date (exclusive) through 180 d before the index date (inclusive).
b
2012 US dollars.
c
Those with > $181,066.56 in total costs have been capped at $181,066.56.