Table 3.

Rates of HIV-uninfected infant morbidity outcomes by possible risk factors.

	Rate per 100 person-weeks (# of events)	Unadjusted		Adjusteda
		Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P
Pneumonia/SFI
Treatment arm
Mother ARV	0.44 (139)	1.10 (0.84–1.45)	0.78	1.12 (0.86–1.47)	0.69
Infant ARV	0.42 (136)	1.06 (0.80–1.40)		1.06 (0.81–1.38)
No ARV	0.42 (96)	1.0		1.0
Rainy seasonb
Yes	0.53 (192)	1.56 (1.26–1.94)	<0.001	1.53 (1.20–1.95)	< 0.001
No	0.35 (179)	1.0		1.0
Infant cotrimoxazoleb
Yes	0.39 (270)	0.80 (0.63–1.02)	0.07	0.78 (0.62–0.99)	0.04
No	0.58 (101)	1.0		1.0
Birth weight
2000–2499 g	0.58 (40)	1.36 (0.96–1.91)	0.08	–
≥2500 g	0.41 (328)	1.0
Maternal CD4+ T-cell count during pregnancy
200–350/μl	0.45 (116)	1.08 (0.87–1.34)	0.51	–
>350/μl	0.42 (255)	1.0
Maternal hemoglobin during pregnancy
<10 g/dl	0.40 (77)	0.89 (0.68–1.16)	0.39	–
≥10 g/dl	0.44 (293)	1.0
Infant WBC at delivery
<9000 cells/μl	0.53 (32)	1.25 (0.88–1.77)	0.22	–
≥9000 cells/μl	0.42 (328)	1.0
Infant neutrophil count at delivery
≤1500 cells/μl	1.00 (6)	2.35 (1.17–4.68)	0.02	2.32 (1.15–4.67)	0.02
>1500 cells/μl	0.42 (355)	1.0		1.0
Infant platelet count at delivery
<85 000/μl	0.75 (4)	0.72 (0.28–1.88)	0.50	–
≥ 85 000/μl	0.42 (356)	1.0
Diarrhea or growth faltering
Treatment arm
Mother ARV	0.17 (53)	0.92 (0.59–1.43)	0.81	0.95 (0.64–1.42)	0.92
Infant ARV	0.16 (52)	0.86 (0.54–1.36)		0.92 (0.61–1.39)
No ARV	0.18 (42)	1.0		1.0
Rainy seasonb
Yes	0.22 (79)	1.51 (1.09–2.09)	0.01	1.49 (1.07–2.08)	0.02
No	0.13 (68)	1.0		1.0
Infant cotrimoxazoleb
Yes	0.16 (113)	0.64 (0.44–0.95)	0.03	0.66 (0.45–0.98)	0.04
No	0.19 (34)	1.0		1.0
Birth weight
2000–2499 g	0.19 (13)	1.05 (0.62–1.80)	0.85	–
≥2500 g	0.17 (134)	1.0
Maternal CD4+ T-cell count during pregnancy
200–350/μl	0.16 (41)	0.96 (0.67–1.37)	0.81	–
>350/μl	0.17 (106)	1.0
Maternal hemoglobin during pregnancy
<10 g/dl	0.26 (50)	1.77 (1.25–2.49)	0.001	1.67 (1.18–2.35)	0.004
≥10 g/dl	0.14 (96)	1.0		1.0
Infant WBC at delivery
<9000 cells/μl	0.30 (18)	1.81 (1.07–3.05)	0.03	1.73 (1.04–2.88)	0.04
≥9000 cells/μl	0.16 (127)	1.0		1.0
Infant neutrophil count at delivery
≤1500 cells/μl	0.67 (4)	3.26 (0.96–11.0)	0.06	–
>1500 cells/μl	0.17 (141)	1.0
Infant platelet count at delivery
<85 000/μl	0.38 (2)	0.96 (0.14–6.54)	0.96	–
≥85 000/μl	0.17 (143)	1.0
Malaria
Treatment arm
Mother ARV	0.07 (21)	0.69 (0.37–1.28)	0.08	0.73 (0.40–1.34)	0.09
Infant ARV	0.12 (40)	1.29 (0.75–2.21)		1.35 (0.79–2.30)
No ARV	0.10 (22)	1.0		1.0
Rainy seasonb
Yes	0.10 (36)	1.10 (0.70–1.74)	0.68	–
No	0.09 (47)	1.0
Infant cotrimoxazoleb
Yes	0.08 (52)	0.33 (0.21–0.52)	< 0.001	0.36 (0.23–0.58)	< 0.001
No	0.18 (31)	1.0		1.0
Birth weight
2000–2499 g	0.15 (10)	1.44 (0.69–3.00)	0.33	–
≥2500g	0.09 (71)	1.0
Maternal CD4+ T-cell count during pregnancy
200–350/μl	0.07 (17)	0.65 (0.38–1.09)	0.10	–
>350/μl	0.11 (66)	1.0
Maternal hemoglobin during pregnancy
<10 g/dl	0.15 (29)	1.84 (1.16–2.92)	0.01	1.61 (1.01–2.55)	0.04
≥10 g/dl	0.08 (54)	1.0		1.0
Infant WBC at delivery
<9000 cells/μl	0.18 (11)	2.18 (1.14–4.17)	0.02	2.18 (1.14–4.17)	0.02
≥9000 cells/μl	0.09 (70)	1.0		1.0
Infant neutrophil count at delivery
≤1500 cells/μl	0.17 (1)	2.07 (0.28–15.0)	0.47	–
>1500 cells/μl	0.10 (80)	1.0
Infant platelet count at delivery
<85 000/μl	0.75 (4)	3.27 (1.26–8.53)	0.02	3.00 (1.07–8.40)	0.04
≥85 000/μl	0.09 (77)	1.0		1.0

ARV, antiretroviral; CI, confidence interval; WBC, white blood cell.

^aConditional gap time proportional hazards model adjusted for ARV treatment arm and all variables statistically significant at α = 0.05, stratified by maternal nutritional supplement.

^bTime-dependent variable.