Table 4.
Association of risk factors with neonatal and postneonatal mortality in HIV-uninfected infants.
| Unadjusted
|
Adjusteda
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P | |
| Neonatal death (≤ 30 days; n = 10) | ||||
| Treatment arm | ||||
| Mother ARV | 0.79 (0.20–3.15) | 0.54 | 0.76 (0.19–3.05) | 0.56 |
| Infant ARV | 0.38 (0.07–2.10) | 0.39 (0.07–2.14) | ||
| No ARV | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Rainy seasonb | ||||
| Yes | 3.60 (0.93–13.9) | 0.06 | – | |
| No | 1.0 | |||
| Maternal cotrimoxazoleb | ||||
| Yes | 0.33 (0.07–1.54) | 0.16 | – | |
| No | 1.0 | |||
| Birth weight | ||||
| 2000–2499 g | 12.3 (3.56–42.5) | < 0.001 | 12.3 (3.55–42.4) | <0.001 |
| ≥ 2500 g | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Maternal CD4+ T-cell count during pregnancy | ||||
| 200–350/μl | 1.57 (0.44–5.55) | 0.49 | – | |
| >350/μl | 1.0 | |||
| Maternal hemoglobin during pregnancy | ||||
| <10 g/dl | 0.84 (0.18–3.96) | 0.83 | – | |
| ≥ 10 g/dl | 1.0 | |||
| Infant WBC at delivery | ||||
| <9000 cells/μl | 1.51 (0.19–11.9) | 0.70 | – | |
| ≥ 9000 cells/μl | 1.0 | |||
| Infant neutrophil count at delivery | ||||
| ≤ 1500 cells/μl | 13.2 (1.67–104) | 0.02 | – | |
| >1500 cells/μl | 1.0 | |||
| Infant platelet count at delivery | ||||
| <85 000/μl | 6.3 (0.80–50.0) | 0.08 | – | |
| ≥ 85 000/μl | 1.0 | |||
| Postneonatal death (31 days to 48 weeks; n = 46) | ||||
| Treatment arm | ||||
| Mother ARV | 0.90 (0.43–1.86) | 0.95 | 0.96 (0.46–2.00) | 0.99 |
| Infant ARV | 0.92 (0.45–1.89) | 0.98 (0.48–2.02) | ||
| No ARV | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Rainy seasonb | ||||
| Yes | 4.02 (2.08–7.76) | < 0.001 | 4.24 (1.68–10.7) | 0.002 |
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Infant cotrimoxazoleb | ||||
| Yes | 0.50 (0.26–0.96) | 0.04 | 0.48 (0.25–0.93) | 0.03 |
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Birth weight | ||||
| 2000–2499 g | 0.90 (0.28–2.91) | 0.86 | – | |
| ≥ 2500 g | 1.0 | |||
| Maternal CD4+ T-cell count during pregnancy | ||||
| 200–350/μl | 0.59 (0.29–1.23) | 0.16 | – | |
| >350/μl | 1.0 | |||
| Maternal hemoglobin during pregnancy | ||||
| <10 g/dl | 1.15 (0.58–2.26) | 0.69 | – | |
| ≥ 10 g/dl | 1.0 | |||
| Infant WBC at delivery | ||||
| < 9000 cells/μl | 2.58 (1.15–5.76) | 0.02 | 2.53 (1.13–5.67) | 0.02 |
| ≥ 9000 cells/μl | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Infant neutrophil count at delivery | ||||
| ≤ 1500 cells/μl | 3.34 (0.46–24.3) | 0.23 | – | |
| >1500 cells/μl | 1.0 | |||
| Infant platelet count at delivery | ||||
| <85 000/μl | 2.83 (0.69–11.7) | 0.15 | – | |
| ≥ 85 000/μl | 1.0 | |||
ARV, antiretroviral; CI, confidence interval; WBC, white blood cell.
a
Proportional hazards model adjusted for ARV treatment arm and all variables statistically significant at α = 0.05, stratified by maternal nutritional supplement.
b
Time-dependent variable.