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Optical characterization: SPR and SERS. (a) SPR measurements showing the avidin adsorption onto functionalized gold layer (orange) and after four injections of BSA (green). Single arrows show the BSA injection, and double arrows avidin injections at 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100 nM. (b) Raman spectra of biotin-NHS powder multiplied by 5 (black), biotin on GNCs (red), avidin + biotin on GNCs (green), and avidin solution multiplied by 20 (blue).
