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Schematic of OXPHOS. Complex I oxidizes NADH to NAD+. The electrons from that reaction are carried from complex I to III through ubiquinone (UQH) and from complex III to IV through cytochrome c (CYCS) where they bind with oxygen to form water. Complexes I, III, and IV form the proton gradient that complex V uses to generate ATP from ADP. The helix HL that was shown to be a target of diversifying selection is shown (inset).
