Table 1.
Adult Dog Castration |
Adult Dog Spay |
Cat Castration |
Cat Spay |
Closure |
Cryptorchid (Abdominal—Spay Hook technique) |
Cryptorchid (Abdominal—under bladder technique) |
Cryptorchid (Subcutaneous) |
Flank Spay |
Millers Knot (Hand tie) |
Pedicle Tie |
Puppy Castration |
Puppy Spay |
Square Knot (Hand tie) |
Surgeons Knot (Hand tie) |
Born to Die |