Figure 4.

Combined treatment with ethyl pyruvate (EP) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) decreases hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury-induced neuronal cell death in the hippocampal cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) region. (A) At 72 h post-HI injury, the injured hippocampal neurons were identified by Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) staining (green) and the nucleus were stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (blue). (B) High magnification view [squares in (A)] showing the morphology of degenerating hippocampal neurons (green). (C) Cell nuclei were identified by DAPI staining. (D) Merged image of (B) and (C). (E) Quantification of FJB⁺ cells in the ipsilateral hippocampus. ^*P<0.05 as indicated (n=3–6 per group).