Table 2.
Association between usual percentage of calories from added sugars and lipid profiles among adolescents aged 12–19 years, the NHANES 2005–2010a
| Characteristic | β Coefficient (95% CI)b | p value |
|---|---|---|
| HDL cholesterol (n = 3,333) | ||
| Adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity only | − 1.62 (−2.45 to −.80) | <.001 |
| Fully adjusted modelc | − 1.09 (−1.90 to −.29) | .009 |
| TG (n = 1,512) | ||
| Adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity only | 7.82 (2.92–12.71) | .002 |
| Fully adjusted modelc | 5.92 (.38–11.46) | .037 |
| TC (n = 3,333) | ||
| Adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity only | .38 (−2.35 to 3.11) | .781 |
| Fully adjusted modelc | .78 (−1.89 to 3.46) | .600 |
| LDL cholesterol (n = 1,510) | ||
| Adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity only | 1.47 (−1.52 to 4.46) | .327 |
| Fully adjusted modelc | 1.49 (−1.53 to 4.50) | .326 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol (n = 3,333) | ||
| Adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity only | 2.00 (−1.04 to 5.05) | .192 |
| Fully adjusted modelc | 1.88 (−.99 to 4.74) | .194 |
| TC to HDL cholesterol ratio (n = 3,333) | ||
| Adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity only | .13 (.03–.23) | .011 |
| Fully adjusted modelc | .10 (.01–.19) | .028 |
| TG to HDL cholesterol ratio (n = 1,512) | ||
| Adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity only | .25 (.11–.38) | <.001 |
| Fully adjusted modelc | .19 (.04–.34) | .017 |
CI = confidence interval; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; NHANES = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; TC = total cholesterol; TG = triglycerides.
Sample size is unweighted. Pregnant women and individuals who had missing TC data or reporting being on a sugar-free/low-sugar diet, on a low-fat/low-cholesterol diet, on a diabetic diet, or on a weight-loss/low-calorie/low-carbohydrate/high-protein diet, with total calorie intake <500 or >5,000 kcal/day, being underweight, and with missing covariates data were excluded. The weight for the first day 24-hour dietary recall was used for the analyses of TC, HDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and the ratio of TC to HDL cholesterol. Fasting weight was used for the analyses of TG, LDL cholesterol, and the ratio of TG to HDL cholesterol.
β Coefficients for usual percentage of calories from added sugars represent the changes in lipid levels associated with each 5.0% change in intake.
Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, parental educational attainment, smoking status, physical activity, and 2010 healthy eating scores excluding the sugar component.