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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 31.
Published in final edited form as: Endocr Relat Cancer. 2014 Oct 22;22(1):R1–31. doi: 10.1530/ERC-14-0448

Figure 10.

Figure 10

E2 induced estrogen receptor signaling. 1. The genomic mechanism of ER signaling is by estrogen binding to the nuclear ER and then binding to hormone response elements in the promoters of target genes (classic) or through protein-protein tethering with nuclear DNA-binding transcription factors (non-classic) to alter gene transcription. 2. E2 can act through nongenomic signaling by activating cell surface membrane localized extranuclear ER. 3. estrogen dendrimer conjugate (EDC) specifically activate the non genomic signaling of ER action. Reproduced with permission from (205)