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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 31.
Published in final edited form as: Endocr Relat Cancer. 2014 Oct 22;22(1):R1–31. doi: 10.1530/ERC-14-0448

Figure 14. The mechanism of E2 induced apoptosis.

Figure 14

1. Activation of ER by E2 induces activation AP-1 complex. 2. Endoplasmic reticulum stress caused accumulation of unfolded proteins that stimulates a UPR signal. 3. Failure to combat ERS induces apoptosis via induction of the mitochondrial pathway. 4. Subsequent activation of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis occurs through the TNF family of proapoptotic genes. 5. Apoptosis can occur independent of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway through activation of caspase 4.