Table 3. Disaster Communication Tools.

Type	Technology	Limitations	Two-Way Communication	Mass Distribution	Pre-Tornado	Tornado	Post-Tornado
Traditional
	911	Victims often overwhelm 911 dispatchers	X			X
	Tornado Sirens	Not always available or audible		X		X
	Local Radio	Requires radio and power (or batteries)		X	X	X	X
	Local Television	Requires television, cable (or antenna) and power (or batteries)		X	X	X	X
Modern
	Local News & Weather Apps	Primary focus is on infrastructure damage and tornado pathway		X	X	X	X
	Disaster Phone Apps	Lack of familiarity due to infrequent use and primarily focuses on sheltering		X		X	X
	Facebook	Privacy restrictions may limit mass distribution and two-way communication	X	X	X	X	X
	Twitter	Users do not require validation	X	X	X	X	X