. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 7.

Published in final edited form as: Rev Med Virol. 2011 Jun 15;21(4):240–255. doi: 10.1002/rmv.695

Table A4.

CMV shedding among pregnant women according to time of gestation.

Country	Testing Method	Specimen Type	Time of Gestation	Sample Size	Shedding %
Japan [88]	Culture	Genital secretions	1^st trimester	30	0
			2^nd trimester	62	6
			3^rd trimester	61	17
Taiwan [71]	PCR	Urine	15 weeks	350	3
		Urine	25 weeks	350	9
		Genital secretions	15 weeks	220	17
		Genital secretions	25 weeks	220	24
Taiwan [22]	PCR	Urine (longitudinal collection)	1^st trimester	207	1
			2^nd trimester	207	10
			3^rd trimester	207	13
		Urine (cross-sectional collection)	1^st trimester	906	4
			2^nd trimester	395	10
			3^rd trimester	273	13
		Genital secretions (longitudinal collection)	1^st trimester	54	13
			2^nd trimester	54	32
			3^rd trimester	54	35
		Genital secretions (cross-sectional collection)	1^st trimester	217	15
			2^nd trimester	140	40
			3^rd trimester	81	37
US-Alabama [18]	Culture	Genital secretions	1^st trimester	183	2
			2^nd trimester	359	6
			3^rd trimester	317	11
US-Pennsylvania [101]	Culture	Genital secretions	1^st trimester	43	2
			2^nd trimester	83	7
			3^rd trimester	49	12