Table 1. Four domains of Big Data in 2025.

In each of the four domains, the projected annual storage and computing needs are presented across the data lifecycle.

Data Phase	Astronomy	Twitter	YouTube	Genomics
Acquisition	25 zetta-bytes/year	0.5–15 billion tweets/year	500–900 million hours/year	1 zetta-bases/year
Storage	1 EB/year	1–17 PB/year	1–2 EB/year	2–40 EB/year
Analysis	In situ data reduction	Topic and sentiment mining	Limited requirements	Heterogeneous data and analysis
	Real-time processing	Metadata analysis		Variant calling, ~2 trillion central processing unit (CPU) hours
	Massive volumes			All-pairs genome alignments, ~10,000 trillion CPU hours
Distribution	Dedicated lines from antennae to server (600 TB/s)	Small units of distribution	Major component of modern user’s bandwidth (10 MB/s)	Many small (10 MB/s) and fewer massive (10 TB/s) data movement