Table 2.

Drug Exposure in Obese Children by Dosing Method

Drug	Dosed per	Body weight measurement	Exposure in obesity	Obese vs. control
Mercaptopurine22	m2	TBM	Subtherapeutic	↓
Vancomycin17,18,30	kg	TBM	Subtherapeutic17,30	↔ 17,30
		TBM	Therapeutic18	↑ 18
Teniposide33	kg	TBM	Therapeutic	↔ a
Methotrexate33	m2	TBM	Therapeutic	↔ a
Cytarabine33	m2	TBM	Therapeutic	↔ a
Theophylline23	kg	TBM	Not available	Not available
Busulfan21	kg	TBMb	Supratherapeutic	↑ (124%)
Divalproex sodium20	kg	TBM	Supratherapeutic	↑ (156%)
		ABM	Therapeutic	↔
Doxorubicin34,35	kg34	TBM	Therapeutic	Not available
	m2 35	ABM	Therapeutic	Not available
Etoposide33,35	m2 33	TBM	Therapeutic	↔ a
	m2 35	ABM	Therapeutic	Not available
Tobramycin28	kg	ABM	Therapeutic	Not available
Cefazolin28	kg	ABM	Therapeutic	Not available
Gentamicin29	kg	ABM	Therapeutic	↔
Cyclosporine36	kg	ABM	Therapeutic	↔
Propofol27	kg	ABM	Therapeutic	Not available
Acetaminophen25	Fixed dosec	n/a	Therapeutic	↑ (135%)
Carbamazepine19,31	Fixed dose	n/a	Therapeutic19	↔ 19
Valproic acid19	Fixed dose	n/a	Therapeutic	↔
Antipyrine26	Fixed dose	n/a	Not available	Not available
Midazolam32	Fixed dose	n/a	Not available	Not available
Caffeine37	Fixed dose	n/a	Not available	Not available

TBM, total body measurement; ABM, adjusted body measurement; ↑, increased in comparison to controls; ↓, decreased in comparison to controls; ↔, equal to controls; (%), % of controls.

^aComparison of exposure between obese and control subjects based on clinical outcomes (overall survival, event-free survival, and cumulative incidence of relapse).³³

^bTest dose used for PK comparison.²¹

^cAcetaminophen single-dose regimen: 5 mg/kg, maximum 325 mg, the mean dose administered was 3.6 mg/kg (SD 0.8).²⁵