Table 3.
Observed PK Changes in Obese Children
| Drug | Volume of distributiona | Clearancea |
|---|---|---|
| Analgesics/anesthetics | ||
| Acetaminophen25 | ↓ (83%) | ↔ |
| Antipyrine26 | ↓ (76%) | ↓ (50%) |
| Antibiotics | ||
| Cefazolin28 | ↔ | ↔ |
| Gentamicin29 | ↓ (71%) b | |
| Tobramycin28 | ↓ (75%) b | ↔ |
| Vancomycin17 | ↓ (81%) | ↓ (80%) |
| Anticonvulsants | ||
| Carbamazepine31 | ↓ (89%) | ↓ (63%) |
| Midazolam32 | ↔ | |
| Antineoplastics | ||
| Busulfan21 | ↓ (84%) b | |
| Cytarabine33 | ↔ | |
| Doxorubicin34,35 | ↑ (113%) | ↔ |
| Etoposide35 | ↔ | |
| Mercaptopurine22 | ↑ (166%) b | ↑ (222%) b |
| Methotrexate33 | ↔ | |
| Teniposide33 | ↔ | |
| Respiratory stimulants | ||
| Caffeine37 | ↓ (65%) | ↓ (30%) |
| Theophylline23 | ↓ (69%) b |
V and CL are expressed as a percentage of mean values in non-obese controls. ↑, increased in comparison to controls; ↓, decreased in comparison to controls; ↔, equal to control.
a
PK parameters are weight-normalized (e.g., volume of distribution in L/kg). If authors did not report weight-normalized values (antipyrine, carbamazepine, caffeine, and mercaptopurine), then weight-normalized parameters were calculated by dividing reported values by individual or study mean weight values.
b
Significant difference found in cited study.