Table 3.
Multivariable regression effect estimates for reported daily eating frequency with baseline BMI z-score and change in BMI z-score over 6 months and 1 year for school-age participants in the Daily D diet sub-study
| Sample Size | Baseline BMI z-score3 (Cross-sectional) | Change in BMI z-score over 6-months4 (Prospective) | Change in BMI z-score over 1-year5 (Prospective) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Effect estimate (95% CI) | Effect estimate (95% CI) | Effect estimate (95% CI) | |
| Eating Frequency1 | ||||
| Average Reported Eating Frequency | 155 | −0.23 (−0.44, −0.07) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.05) | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.03) |
| Eating Frequency Categories2 | ||||
| ‘Infrequent Eaters’: 1.0 to 3.5 daily eating occasions | 27 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| ‘Average Eaters’: 4.0 to 4.5 daily eating occasions | 70 | 0.04 (−0.32, 0.40) | 0.04 (−0.01, 0.09) | 0.01 (−0.05, 0.07) |
| ‘Frequent Eaters’: 5+ daily eating occasions | 58 | −0.44 (−0.75, −0.21) | 0.09 (0.04, 0.13) | 0.02 (−0.06, 0.10) |
1
Coefficients represent the difference in BMI z-score per each additional eating occasion
2
Coefficients represent the adjusted mean BMI z-score difference from ‘infrequent eaters’ (referent group)
3
Multivariable regression model adjusted for school and age
4
Multivariable regression model adjusted for school, age and reported physical activity
5
Multivariable regression model adjusted for school, sex, age, race/ethnicity, free or reduced-price lunch, maternal education, and physical activity