TABLE 2.
Full data set for the persistence of standard fecal indicators and MST markers in raw and treated municipal wastewater at 21°C recovered from microcosm experiments
| Method, sample, and SE (WWTP)a | Timeb | Microcosm experiment descriptive statisticsc |
Regression analysis of microcosm data |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meand | Mine | Maxf | dg | kg | Log/% reductionh | ||
| AllBac qPCR | |||||||
| Influent | |||||||
| 1 (2) | a | 10.0 | 9.5 | 10.4 | 9.9 | 0.007 | |
| 3 (4) | b | 10.2 | 10.1 | 10.4 | 10.1 | 0.004 | |
| 7 (3) | c | 10.3 | 10.1 | 10.6 | 10.3 | 0.004 | |
| 9 (3) | d | 10.9 | 10.7 | 11.1 | 10.8 | 0.003 | |
| 11 (4) | i | 10.0 | 9.5 | 10.3 | 9.7 | 0.017 | |
| 13 (2) | i | 10.7 | 10.4 | 10.9 | 10.5 | 0.006 | |
| Effluent | |||||||
| 2 (2) | a | 7.4 | 7.0 | 7.9 | 7.8 | −0.030i | 0.96/89 |
| 4 (4) | b | 7.8 | 7.3 | 8.2 | 7.9 | −0.002 | |
| 8 (3) | c | 7.22 | 6.95 | 7.52 | 7.3 | −0.011 | |
| 10 (3) | d | 7.40 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 7.5 | −0.006 | |
| 12 (4) | i | 8.75 | 8.62 | 8.98 | 8.9 | −0.011 | |
| 14 (2) | i | 8.02 | 7.65 | 8.30 | 8.3 | −0.014 | |
| BacHum-UCD qPCR | |||||||
| Influent | |||||||
| 1 (2) | a | 8.7 | 8.4 | 9.1 | 8.8 | −0.009 | |
| 3 (4) | b | 8.3 | 8.1 | 8.6 | 8.5 | −0.010i | 0.30/50 |
| 7 (3) | c | 9.2 | 8.9 | 9.3 | 9.1 | 0.008 | |
| 9 (3) | d | 8.9 | 8.7 | 8.9 | 8.9 | −0.002 | |
| 11 (4) | i | 8.4 | 8.1 | 8.6 | 8.5 | −0.002 | |
| 13 (2) | i | 9.5 | 9.1 | 9.7 | 9.3 | 0.011 | |
| Effluent | |||||||
| 2 (2) | a | 6.1 | 5.5 | 6.9 | 6.8 | −0.045i | 1.89/99 |
| 4 (4) | b | 5.2 | 4.2 | 6.3 | 6.2 | −0.049i | 1.57/97 |
| 8 (3) | c | 6.1 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 6.3 | −0.023 | |
| 10 (3) | d | 5.0 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 5.2 | −0.013 | |
| 12 (4) | i | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 0.001 | |
| 14 (2) | i | 6.7 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 7.0 | −0.014 | |
| HF183 TaqMan qPCR | |||||||
| Influent | |||||||
| 1 (2) | a | 8.4 | 7.5 | 8.9 | 8.3 | 0.009 | |
| 3 (4) | b | 8.0 | 7.7 | 8.4 | 8.3 | −0.015i | 0.48/66 |
| 7 (3) | c | 8.1 | 7.8 | 8.8 | 7.7 | 0.032 | |
| 9 (3) | d | 9.2 | 9.1 | 9.4 | 9.4 | −0.007 | |
| 11 (4) | i | 8.2 | 7.9 | 8.5 | 8.3 | −0.005 | |
| 13 (2) | i | 9.0 | 8.5 | 9.3 | 8.8 | 0.009 | |
| Effluent | |||||||
| 2 (2) | a | 6.1 | 5.3 | 7.0 | 6.7 | −0.046i | 1.42/96 |
| 4 (4) | b | 6.0 | 4.7 | 3.9 | 5.8 | −0.054 | |
| 8 (3) | c | 5.0 | 4.5 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 0.002 | |
| 10 (3) | d | 5.4 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 5.7 | −0.016 | |
| 12 (4) | i | 7.4 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 0.000 | |
| 14 (2) | i | 6.3 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 6.5 | −0.015 | |
| E. coli (cultivation based) | |||||||
| Influent | |||||||
| 1 (2) | a | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 6.8 | −0.001 | |
| 3 (4) | b | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 6.4 | −0.006 | |
| 5 (4) | e | 6.8 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 6.8 | −0.006 | |
| 7 (3) | c | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 0.000 | |
| 9 (3) | d | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 6.8 | −0.004 | |
| 11 (4) | i | 8.0 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 8.1 | −0.009 | |
| 13 (2) | i | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 0.001 | |
| Effluent | |||||||
| 2 (2) | a | 3.9 | 3.4 | 4.4 | 4.5 | −0.042i | 1.35/96 |
| 4 (4) | b | 4.1 | 3.3 | 5.1 | 5.0 | −0.041i | 1.31/95 |
| 6 (4) | e | 4.2 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 4.5 | −0.024 | |
| 8 (3) | c | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 3.8 | −0.009i | 0.29/49 |
| 10 (3) | d | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.7 | −0.002 | |
| 12 (4) | i | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.3 | −0.005 | |
| 14 (2) | i | 3.8 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 4.0 | −0.017 | |
| C. perfringens spores (cultivation based) | |||||||
| Influent | |||||||
| 1 (2) | a | 5.1 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 0.006 | |
| 3 (4) | b | 4.9 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 0.001 | |
| 7 (3) | c | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 4.5 | −0.002 | |
| 11 (4) | i | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 0.005 | |
| 13 (2) | i | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 0.003 | |
| Effluent | |||||||
| 2 (2) | a | 4.0 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 0.004 | |
| 4 (4) | b | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 | −0.002 | |
| 8 (3) | c | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 0.004 | |
| 12 (4) | i | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.9 | −0.004 | |
| 14 (2) | i | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 0.001 | |
| Enterococci (cultivation based) | |||||||
| Influent | |||||||
| 11 (4) | i | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 0.003 | |
| 13 (2) | i | 5.68 | 5.46 | 5.81 | 5.6 | 0.005 | |
| Effluent | |||||||
| 12 (4) | i | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.3 | −0.005 | |
| 14 (2) | i | 3.96 | 3.87 | 4.03 | 4.2 | −0.007 | |
SE, sampling event number. In parentheses is the number of the WWTP investigated.
Analysis times during microcosm experiments: a (n = 5), 0, 4, 8, 20, and 24 h; b (n = 6), 0, 7, 19, 24, 27, and 43 h; c (n = 6), 0, 4, 8, 12, 22, and 24 h; d (n = 5), 0, 5, 18, 27, and 35 h; e (n = 5), 0, 5, 11, 17, and 25 h; i (n = 5), 0, 9,5, 20, 24, and 29 h.
Values obtained by qPCR are in log10 ([ME + 1] 100 ml−1) (where ME is marker equivalents), and those obtained by cultivation are in log10 ([CFU + 1] 100 ml−1).
Mean, arithmetic mean.
Min, minimum value.
Max, maximum value.
d and k are linear regression coefficients. d is log10 ([ME + 1] 100 ml−1) or log10 (CFU 100 ml−1). k is the difference in log10 [(ME + 1) 100 ml−1] or log10 ( CFU 100 ml−1) values per hour between data points.
Log10 reduction calculated from regression model for a sample storage time of 32 h at 21°C (calculated for significant regression coefficients only). The value after the slash is the percent reduction, relating to the delogarithmized absolute values.
Statistically significant coefficient (P ≤ 0.05, Bonferroni corrected).