Figure 3.

Treatment with PLX3397 reverses lesion-induced increases in inflammatory signaling: Hippocampal mRNA levels for inflammatory transcripts were assessed by real-time PCR; dotted line indicates control, set to 100%. A, mRNA transcript levels of Il-15, Il-1α, and Socs1 were significantly increased with lesion compared with control animals. Il-15, Il-18, Il-1α, Il-6, and Socs1 were reduced in animals that were lesioned and treated with PLX3397, compared with animals that were just lesioned. Il-12α, Stat3, and Stat6 are significantly decreased with lesion compared with control animals. B, B2m, Bcl2, Bcl2l1, Ece1, Fn1, Ski, Smad3, and Vcam mRNA transcript levels were all significantly decreased with PLX3397 treatment, compared with untreated mice. B2m and Bax levels were increased with lesion and restored with PLX3397 treatment, whereas transcript levels of Cd34, Ece1, Ski, Smad3, Tfrc, and Vegf-α were all decreased with lesion alone compared with control animals. C, Ccl19 was increased with lesion, compared with control mice, and this effect was inhibited with PLX3397 treatment in lesioned mice. D, Col4a5, Nfkb2, and Ptgs2 levels were decreased with lesion, whereas Nfkb2 and Ptgs2 levels were also decreased with microglial elimination. E, Levels of Ccr2, Cd80, Cd86, H2eb1, and Ptprc were all increased with lesion, compared with control mice, whereas PLX3397 treatment restored these effects in lesioned mice. Cd4, Cd86, and H2eb1 were all significantly decreased with PLX3397 treatment alone. F, Cd34 was significantly reduced with both PLX3397 treatment and lesion compared with control mice. Symbols denote significant differences between groups (p < 0.05): †control versus PLX3397; *control versus lesion; φPLX3397 versus lesion + PLX3397; #lesion versus lesion + PLX3397. Error bars indicate SEM; n = 4/group.