Table 1.
Characteristics of studies reporting associations between fish-consumption or LC-n3-FA-supplementation and cognition.
| Author (year) | Participants | Duration | Intervention | Measured outcome | Results | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sample size/age (years) | |||||||||
| Chiu et al. (2008) | N = 46 memory complaints | I: 74.0 (70.1–77.8) P: 76.5 (71.8–81.1) | 24 weeks | 1.8 g Omega-3 PUFAs/d | Placebo | ADAS-cog | AD group: ○ | MCI group: + | |
| Dangour et al. (2010) | N = 867 healthy | I: 74.7 ± 2.5 P: 74.6 ± 2.7 | 24 months | 200 mg EPA + 500 mg DHA/d | Placebo | Extensive NP test battery | Whole group: ○ | ||
| Freund-Levi et al. (2006) | N = 204 AD | I: 72.6 ± 9.0 P: 72.9 ± 8.6 | 6 months | 1.7 g DHA/d and 0.6 g EPA/d | Placebo | ADAS-cog | MMSE | Whole group: ○ | Sub- group: + |
| Morris et al. (2005) | N = 6185 healthy | I1: 74.6 I2: 74.2 I3: 73.9 | 6 years | Observational | Global cognitive score | Whole group: + | |||
| Quinn et al. (2010) | N = 402 mild to moderate AD | I: 76 ± 9.3 P: 76 ± 7.8 | 18 months | 2 g/d DHA | Placebo | ADAS-cog | Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) sum of boxes | Whole group: ○ | |
| Reddy et al. (2011) | N = 27 schizophrenia | 18–45 | 24 weeks | 2 g/d EPA | Wisconsin Card Sort Test | Whole group: + | |||
| Tan et al. (2012) | N = 1575 healthy | 67 ± 9 | – | Observational (Red blood cell EPA + DHA) | Extensive NP test battery | Whole group: + | |||
| van de Rest et al. (2008) | N = 302 healthy | I1800: 69.9 ± 3.4 I400: 69.5 ± 3.2 P: 70.1 ± 3.7 | 26 weeks | 1800 mg/d EPA-DHA 400 mg/d EPA-DHA | Placebo | Extensive NP test battery | Whole group: ○ | ||
| Witte et al. (2013) | N = 65 healthy | I: 65 ± 6.3 P: 62.9 ± 6.8 | 26 weeks | 2.2 g/d EPA-DHA | Placebo | Extensive NP test battery | Whole group: + | ||
| Yurko-Mauro et al. (2010) | N = 485 healthy | I: 70 ± 9.3 P: 70 ± 8.7 | 24 weeks | 900 mg DHA/d | CANTAB Paired Associate Learning | Whole group: + | |||
AD, Alzheimer’s Disease; ADAS-cog, Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale, cognitive subscale; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; I, age of intervention group; MCI, Mild Cognitive Impairment; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; NP, neuropsychological; P, age of placebo group; +, positive effect on cognition; ○, no effect on cognition.