Figure 2.

LAMC2 promotes migration, invasion, and traction of lung ADC cells concomitantly with EMT induction. (a) Migration and invasion analysis of A549R0, A549R3, and A549R4 cells. Student's t-test was performed to compare A549R0 versus R3 and R3 versus R4. Data are mean±S.E.M. of triplicate experiments. (b) Doubling times of A549R0, R3, and R4 cells. P-values were calculated by paired t-test. Data are mean±S.E.M. of triplicate experiments. (c) Immunoblot analysis of LAMC2 and migration and invasion assays in LAMC2-transfected cells. Triplicates of migration and invasion assays were performed for each cell line. P-values were calculated by paired t-test between Mock and LAMC2 across four cell lines. (d) Immunoblot analysis of LAMC2 and migration and invasion assays in LAMC2-knockdown cells. Triplicates of migration and invasion assays were performed for each cell line. P-values were calculated across four cell lines by paired t-test between shMock- and shLAMC2 no.1-transfected cells or shMock- and shLAMC2 no. 2-transfected cells. (e and f) Representative images of phase-contrast and traction maps (left panels), projected cell area (right upper panels), and net contractile moments (right lower panels) in (e) A549R0-LAMC2 and Mock cells, and (f) H358-shLAMC2 and shMock cells. In traction maps, the white lines show the cell boundary, colors show the magnitude of the tractions in Pascal (Pa), and arrows show the direction and relative magnitude of the tractions. Scale bars: 50 μm. Student's t-test was used to compare groups; n is the the number of cells analyzed. Data are presented as mean±S.E.M. (g) Immunoblot of EMT-related proteins in LAMC2-transfected and -knockdown cells