Table 4.
An inventory of Chinese herbal preparations used to treat animal gastrointestinal pain and diarrhea.
| Species | Family | Part used | China | Tests (W, T) | Compounds/class |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achyranthes bidentata | Amaranthaceae | Inflammation, arthritis and pain | [ 161] | Triterpenoid and saponin | |
| Achyranthes aspera L. | Amaranthaceae | Whole plant | Dysentery, inflammation | [ 161] | |
| Bupleurum chinense DC | Apiaceae | Diarrhea due to spleen deficiency | [ 161] | Saponins, volatile oils, oleic/palmitic/linoleic acids, and alpha-spinasterol | |
| Berberis julianae Schneid | Berberidaceae | Roots | Dysentery | [ 162] | |
| Epimedium brevicornum, E. pubescens, E wushanense and E. Koreanum | Berberidaceae | Rheumatism | [ 161] Compound formulas | Volatile oils, flavonoids, anthraquinones, polysaccharides, phytosterol, oleic/palmitic/linoleic acids | |
| Sinopodophyllum hexandrum | Berberidaceae | Fruits and stems | Inflammation | [ 162] | |
| Valeriana fauriei Brig. | Caprifoliaceae (Plant list) Valerianaceae | Roots | Inflammation | [ 162] | |
| Lonicera japonica var. chinensis (P. Watson) Baker | Caprifoliaceae | Various preparations and doses for treating animals and fish | Dysentery and inflammation | [ 161] | Triterpenoids saponins flavonoids and tannins |
| Saussurea epilobioides Maxim. var. cana Hand.-Mazz. | Compositae | Herbs | Pain | [ 162] | |
| Saussurea medusa Maxim | Compositae | Herbs | Inflammation | [ 162] | |
| Senecio diversipinnus Ling. | Compositae | Aerial parts | Dysentery | [ 162] | |
| Soroseris hookeriana (C.B.Clarke) | Compositae | Herbs | Inflammation and pain | [ 162] | |
| Codonopsis lanceolata (Siebold & Zucc.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Trautv. | Campanulaceae | Pain | [ 161] | Triterpene saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, stigmasterol, syringarsinol α-spinasterol, hexadecane acid and succinic acid | |
| Rhodiola algida (Ledeb) Fisch.et Mey. var. tangutica (Maxim.) | Crassulaceae | Roots | Pain and inflammation | [ 162] | |
| Rhodiola kirilowii (Regel)Maxim. | Crassulaceae | Flowers and leaves | Diarrhea and inflammation | [ 162] | |
| Pterocephalus hookeri (C.B.Clarke | Dipsacaceae | Herbs | Dysentery | [ 162] | |
| Rhododendron anthopogonoides Maxim. | Ericaceae | Flowers and leaves | Inflammation | [ 162] | |
| Rhododendron latoucheaeo Franch. | Ericaceae | Leaves | Inflammation | [ 162] | |
| Euphorbia helioscopia L. | Euphorbiaceae | Whole plant | Chronic diarrhea, dysentery and rheumatism | [ 161] | |
| Gentiana dahurica Fisch. | Gentianaceae | Flowers and roots | Inflammation | [ 162] | |
| Gentiana straminea Maxim. | Gentianaceae | Flowers | Diarrhea, inflammation | [ 162] | |
| Gentianopsis grandis | Gentianaceae | Herbs | Pain and diarrhea | [ 162] | |
| Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth. ex Hook.f.) Kudô | Lamiaceae (plant list) Labiatae | Aerial parts | Inflammation and pain | [ 162] | |
| Scutellaria baicalensis | Lamiaceae | Diarrhea anf joint pain and inflammation | [ 161] | Flavonoids, oleic/palmitic/benzoic acids, and sterols | |
| Abrus precatorius L. | Leguminosae (plant list) Fabaceae | Root and leaf | Diarrhea, colic and pain | [ 161] | |
| Acacia adsurgens Maiden & Blakeley | Leguminosae (plant list) Mimosaceae | Stem and leaf | Headache (Australia) | [ 161] | |
| Acacia ancistrocarpa Maiden & Blakeley | Leguminosae (plant list) Mimosaceae | Stem and leaf | Headache | [ 161] | |
| Acacia catechu Willd. | Leguminosae (plant list Mimosaceae | Stem and leaf | Inflammation in china | [ 161] | |
| Pueraria lobata | Leguminosae | Diarrhea due to spleen deficiency | [ 161] | Isoflavones, arachidic acid, daucosterol and allantoin | |
| Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merrill | Menispermaceae | Stem and root | Arthritis pain | [ 161] | |
| Ficus tikoua Bur.. | Moraceae | Stem | Rheumatic pain, acute gastroenteritis, dysentery | [ 161] | |
| Eucalyptus pruinosaSchau. | Myrtaceae (Australia only) | Inner bar | Pains, rheumatism, headache | [ 161] | |
| Corydalis dasyptera Maxim. | Papaveraceae | Herbs | Pain, stomach ailment | [ 162] | |
| Corydalis melanochlora Maxim. | Papaveraceae | Herbs | Pain, stomach ailment | [ 162] | |
| Corydalis straminea Maxim. | Papaveraceae | Herbs | Pain, stomach ailment | [ 162] | |
| Hypecoum leptocarpum Hook.f.et Thoms. | Papaveraceae | Herbs | Inflammatory, pain | [ 162] | |
| Papaver rhoeas L. | Papaveraceae | Flowers and herbs | Dysentery, pain, | [ 162] | |
| Harpagophytum procumbes | Pedaliaceae | [ 161] | Iridol plus phenolic glycosides (e.g., Harpagoside) | ||
| Plantago major L. | Plantaginaceae | Aerial parts | Dysentery, | [ 162] | |
| Rheum palmatum L., R. tanguticum, and R. officinale | Polygonaceae | Stomach pain | [ 161] | Anthraquinones derivetives, tannins, sennoside, rhenosides, anthranol and anthrone | |
| Rheum glabricanle G. San. | Polygonaceae | Roots and rhizomes | stomach pain, | [ 162] | |
| Aconitum kongboense | Ranunculaceae | Herbs | Inflammation, pain/ rheumatism | [ 162] | |
| Aconitum tanguticum | Ranunculaceae | [ 162] | |||
| Aconitum carmichaeli | Ranunculaceae | rheumatism, abdominal pain, analgesic anti-inflammatory | [ 162] | Alkaloids, diterpenoids, aminophenols, hygenamine, coryneine and salsolinol | |
| Clematis glycinoides DC. | Ranunculaceae | Leaf | Pains, rheumatism, headache | [ 162] | |
| Coptis chinensis, C. deltoidea, C. Teeta | Ranunculaceae | Diarrhea/dysentery | [ 161] | Isoquinoline alkaloids (e.g., berberine, epiberberine, columbamine), ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid | |
| Clematis chinensis Osbeck | Ranunculaceae | Root | Rheumatoid arthritis, toothache, pain | [ 161] | |
| Clematis tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh. | Ranunculaceae | Stems and leaves | Dysentery dyspepsia | [ 162] | |
| Delphinium caeruleum | Ranunculaceae | Herbs | Dysentery | [ 162] | |
| Delphinium candelabrum var. monanthum | Ranunculaceae | Herbs | Dysentery | [ 162] | |
| Morinda officinalis How | Rubiaceae | Root | Rheumatism, leg pain, backsore | [ 161] | |
| Pedicularis kansuensis Maxim. | Scrophulariaceae | Flowers | Inflammation, | [ 162] | |
| Pedicularis torta Maxim. | Scrophulariaceae | Flowers | Inflammation, | [ 162] | |
| Hyoscyamus niger L. | Solanaceae | Seeds | Pain, | [ 162] | |
| Scopolia japonica Maxim. | Solanaceae | Rhizomes | Inflammation, | [ 162] | |
| Solanum lyratum Thunb. | Solanaceae | Whole plant | Rheumatism, headache, | [ 161] | |
| Capsicum spp | Solanaceae | Cayene pper and olive oil | Stomach illnesses | [ 161] | Capsaicin |
| Stellera chamaejasme L. | Thymelaeaceae | Roots | Inflammation, | [ 162] | |
| Notopterygium incisum Ting exH.T | Umbelliferae | Roots and rhizomes | Pain, | [ 162] | |
| Verbena officinalis L. | Verbenaceae | Whole plant | Dysentery, inflammation and pain | [ 161] | Apigenin, 4'-hydroxywogonin , verbenalin and hastatoside |
| Amomum villosum and Amomum longiligulare | Zingiberaceae | Comp formula | Diarrhea and pain | [ 161] | Saponins, flavonoids and volatile oils |
| Curcuma longa L. | Zingiberaceae | Tumeric | Inflammation, | [ 161] | |
| Zingiber officinale | Zingiberaceae | Root tuber (Ginger ) | Inflammation and pain | [ 161] |