Fig. 5.

TNF-α levels in cutaneous scald injury. Abbreviations: CON, control; SSD, silver sulfadiazine; AJE, Ampelopsis japonica tuberous root ethanol extract; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha. Values expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 4–8). ^* P < 0.05, ^*** P < 0.001 vs. control. ^# P < 0.05, ^### P < 0.001 vs. Vaseline