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. 2015 Jul 8;4:714. doi: 10.1038/bonekey.2015.83

Table 2. Quantitative trait loci for size and strength mapped in mice.

Chr Phenotypea Bone Peak or confidence interval (cM)b Genderc Strains References
1 Flexural strength Tibia 12–17 Female B6xC3H 60
1 Flexural strength Femur 20 Female NZBxRF 17
1 Bone width Femur 20 Female NZBxRF 17
1 Yield stress Femur 41 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 16
1 Maximum stress Femur 56 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 16
1 2nd moment of area Femur 66 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
1 Post-yield strain Femur 66 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 16
1 Cortical area Femur 67 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
1 Flexural strength Femur 103.8 Female MRLxSJL 15
2 Maximum stress Femur 36 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 16
2 Cortical area Femur 43 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
2 Elastic modulus Tibia 50–56 Female B6xC3H 60
2 Flexural strength Femur 54.6 Female MRLxSJL 15
3 Fracture energy Femur 5 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
3 Flexural strength Femur 11 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
3 Flexural stiffness Femur 11 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
3 Cortical area Femur 11 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
3 Fracture energy Femur 34 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
3 Deflection at fracture Femur 38 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
3 Post-yield deflection Femur 38 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
3 Yield strain Femur 38 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 16
3 Maximum strain Femur 38 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 16
3 Yield force Femur 47 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
3 Yield stress Femur 47 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 16
3 Flexural strength Femur 53 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
3 Post-yield strain Femur 73 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 16
3 Flexural strength Femur 85 Female NZBxRF 17
4 Flexural strength Tibia 17.9–79 Female B6xC3H 60
4 Yield force Tibia 48.5 Male and female B6xDBA 14
4 Flexural strength Tibia 48.5 Male and female B6xDBA 14
4 Flexural strength Femur 58 Female B6xC3H 62
4 Polar 2nd moment of area Femur 58 Female B6xC3H 62
4 Fracture energy Femur 58 Female B6xC3H 62
4 Flexural stiffness Femur 58 Female B6xC3H 62
4 Flexural strength Femur 61.9 Male and female B6xDBA 14
4 Flexural strength Femur 65 Female NZBxRF 17
4 Cortical area Femur 65 Female NZBxRF 17
4 Yield force Femur 66 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
4 Flexural strength Femur 66 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
4 Flexural stiffness Femur 66 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
4 Cortical area Femur 66 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
4 2nd moment of area Femur 66 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
5 Flexural strength Femur 30 Female NZBxRF 17
5 Fracture energy Femur 40 Female NZBxRF 17
5 Bone width Femur 45 Female NZBxRF 17
5 Cortical area Femur 50 Female NZBxRF 17
5 Bone width Femur 50 Female NZBxRF 17
5 Flexural strength Tibia 60–81 Female B6xC3H 60
6 Flexural stiffness Femur 7 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
6 2nd moment of area Femur 9 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
6 Cortical area Femur 10 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
6 Maximum stress Femur 10 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 16
6 Fracture energy Femur 11 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
6 Flexural strength Femur 12 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
6 Bone width Femur 30 Female NZBxRF 17
6 Maximum stress Femur 32 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 16
6 Flexural strength Tibia 51.5–74 Female B6xC3H 60
7 Flexural stiffness Femur 11 Male and female B6xDBA 14
7 Yield force Femur 25 Male and female B6xDBA 14
7 Flexural strength Femur 25 Male and female B6xDBA 14
7 Flexural strength Femur 30 Female NZBxRF 17
7 Flexural strength Tibia 50–65.4 Female B6xC3H 60
7 Fracture energy Femur 55 Female NZBxRF 17
7 Cortical area Femur 55 Female NZBxRF 17
7 Bone width (ML dimension) Femur 55 Female NZBxRF 17
7 Bone width (AP dimension) Femur 55 Female NZBxRF 17
8 Flexural strength Femur 15.7 Female MRLxSJL 15
8 Flexural strength Femur 64 Female B6xC3H 62
8 Flexural stiffness Femur 64 Female B6xC3H 62
8 Polar 2nd moment of area Femur 64 Female B6xC3H 62
9 Flexural strength Femur 40 Female NZBxRF 17
9 Flexural strength Femur 41.5 Female MRLxSJL 15
9 Fracture energy Femur 50 Female NZBxRF 17
9 Bone width Femur 50 Female NZBxRF 17
9 Yield force Tibia 53 Male and female B6xDBA 14
9 Flexural strength Tibia 53 Male and female B6xDBA 14
9 Flexural strength Tibia 50–71 Female B6xC3H 60
10 Yield force Femur 13 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
10 Flexural strength Femur 16 Female B6xC3H 62
10 Fracture energy Femur 16 Female B6xC3H 62
10 Post-yield strain Femur 17 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 16
10 Flexural toughness Femur 18 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 16
10 Post-yield deflection Femur 19 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
10 Deflection at fracture Femur 21 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
10 Flexural strength Femur 22 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
10 Flexural stiffness Femur 22 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
10 Maximum strain Femur 22 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 16
10 Cortical area Femur 24 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
10 2nd moment of area Femur 28 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
10 Yield stress Femur 28 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 16
10 Maximum stress Femur 37 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 16
10 Elastic deflection Femur 41 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 61
10 Yield stress Femur 42 Male and female HcB-8xHcB-23 16
10 Flexural strength Femur 50.3 Female MRLxSJL 15
10 Bone width Femur 60 Female NZBxRF 17
11 Elastic modulus Tibia 1.1–71 Female B6xC3H 60
11 Fracture energy Femur 60 Female NZBxRF 17
11 Bone width (ML dimension) Femur 60 Female NZBxRF 17
11 Bone width (AP dimension) Femur 65 Female NZBxRF 17
11 Cortical area Femur 75 Female NZBxRF 17
12 Bone width Femur 0 Female NZBxRF 17
12 Flexural strength Femur 5 Female NZBxRF 17
12 Cortical area Femur 5 Female NZBxRF 17
12 Flexural stiffness Femur 20 Female NZBxRF 17
13 Flexural strength Tibia 9–54 Female B6xC3H 60
13 Fracture energy Femur 56 Female B6xC3H 62
13 Flexural strength Femur 56 Female B6xC3H 62
13 Max:Min 2nd moment of area Femur 56 Female B6xC3H 62
13 Flexural stiffness Femur 56 Female B6xC3H 62
14 Flexural stiffness Femur syntenic Female B6xC3H 62
14 Flexural strength Femur syntenic Female B6xC3H 62
15 Elastic modulus Tibia 9.9–55.5 Female B6xC3H 60
15 Flexural strength Tibia 9.9–55.5 Female B6xC3H 60
16 Flexural strength Tibia 43–56 Female B6xC3H 60
17 Flexural strength Femur 6.6 Female MRLxSJL 15
17 Flexural strength Tibia 4.1–33.5 Female B6xC3H 60
18 Flexural strength Tibia 5–16 Female B6xC3H 60
18 Cortical area Femur 55 Female NZBxRF 17
19 Elastic modulus Tibia 26–55.7 Female B6xC3H 60

aAll mechanical integrity phenotypes were derived from long bone 3-point bending (flexure) tests. Mechanical phenotypes include whole bone flexural strength, stiffness and fracture energy. Phenotypes describing long bone size and shape include bone width, cross-sectional cortical area and cross-sectional 2nd moment of area (the geometrical measure of bone strength and stiffness). Phenotypes describing bone matrix (material) mechanical integrity combine the whole bone structural test with cross-sectional 2nd moment of area to estimate yield stress, maximum stress, post-yield strain and elastic modulus (matrix material stiffness).

bAs provided in the literature. When more than one model was calculated, the peak for at the maximum LOD is provided.

cIndicates gender of animals phenotyped. Not specificity of the locus.