Table 2.

Pharmacological compounds used to inhibit intercellular Ca²⁺ waves

Molecule or Condition	Target Mechanism	Reference Nos.
Halothane	Gap junction channel/hemichannel inhibition	117, 153, 236, 308
Long-chain alcohols (octanol, heptanol, and others)	Gap junction channel/hemichannel inhibition+	56, 117, 219, 236, 240, 245, 352, 379, 402, 407, 415, 421
Glycyrrhetinic acid/carbenoxolone	Gap junction channel/hemichannel inhibition*	40, 42, 43, 136, 153, 164, 192, 214, 243, 266, 269, 275, 295, 296, 355, 358, 370, 371, 379, 384, 385
Fenamates	Gap junction channel/hemichannel inhibition+	127, 153
Connexin mimetic peptides like Gap26 or Gap27	Gap junction channel/hemichannel inhibition	32, 34, 42, 75, 127, 129, 169, 171, 270
TAT-L2 peptide	Cx43 Hemichannel inhibition	279
Panx1 and Panx3 targeting peptides	Panx hemichannel inhibition	171a, 271
Apyrases	ATP degradation	39, 41, 42, 119, 129, 137, 169, 193, 236, 245, 257, 259, 261, 270, 295, 296, 300, 317, 358, 370, 407, 415
Purinergic receptor antagonists (suramin, PPADS, and others)	P2Y receptor inhibition	39, 41, 42, 119, 129, 137, 161, 192, 193, 236, 245, 257, 261, 270, 295, 296, 300, 317, 348, 358, 370, 371a
U73122	PLC inhibition	136, 144, 240, 385, 402, 408, 415
Heparin	IP3R inhibition	33, 246
2-Aminoethoxydiphenylborate (2-APB)	IP3R inhibition+	415
Thapsigargin	SERCA inhibition	33, 55, 61, 246, 385, 406, 415

References only refer to work demonstrating effects on Ca²⁺ waves; a selection of other references can be found in section VIIIA.

^*Several gap junction channel/hemichannel inhibitors also inhibit P₂X₇ receptors (347). ⁺2-APB also inhibits connexin channels (363).