Cyclo(His-Pro) attenuates ROS production and prevents glutathione depletion caused by glutamate, rotenone, paraquat and p-amyloid in PC12 cells. Cells were incubated for 24 hrs with 10 mM glutamate (A), 100 μM rotenone (B), 100 μM paraquat (C) or 25 μM β-amyloid 25–35 (D), either in the absence or in the presence of 100 μM cyclo(His-Pro). After 24 hrs, cells were harvested and used to assess cell viability, GSH concentration, NO and ROS production. Control values (100%; mean ± S.D., n = 3) are indicated in the Figure 2 legend. *P < 0.05 versus control; #P < 0.05 versus injured cells.