Table 1. A comparison of migrants, diaspora, and the spectrum of cancer metastases.

Social Demography		Cancer Demography
Imperial Diaspora	Trading Post Diaspora	Trading Post Diaspora → Oligometastasis	Imperial Diaspora → Cancer metastasis
Large populations from a single homeland	Small population from a single homeland	Migrated from primary cancer in passive manner	Dispersed from a primary cancer in an active manner
Settle multiple countries in aggressive manner	Settle in few countries while avoiding upsetting host country	Mild hypoxia and unlimited nutrients; Home niche conditions do not cause evolutionary clonal pressure	Hypoxia and lack of nutrients cause pressure to leave primary; Evolving home niche conditions cause undifferentiated, aggressive clones.
Host country may or may not be receptive	Host country may or may not be receptive	Target organ may or may not be receptive	Target organ may or may not be receptive
Group maintains collective memory of their homeland and culture	Group maintains collective memory of their homeland and culture	Pathologists can identify where a cancer cell originated	Pathologists can identify where a cancer cell originated
Often assimilate the new homeland	Survive as distinct communities	Few distinct metastases	Multiple metastases as distinct masses
Relationship with host country is uneasy and degenerates over time	Relationship with host country may be uneasy but is maintained over time	Immune system may not see a threat	Immune system tries to destroy the cancer cells
Tied to the homeland by exchange of resources	Tied to the homeland by exchange of resources	Limited need for outside resources from homeland; fewer cells trafficking	Multiple cell-type trafficking, trafficking of resources/info

Table adapted from Pienta et al. Clin Can Research, 2013 [10]