Table 2.
Verbal, behavioral, attitudinal, and social measures: Group means, standard deviations, and ranges.
|
SLI |
ADHD |
TD |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | Range | M | SD | Range | M | SD | Range | F | Contrasts | |
| Test of Early Grammatical Impairment Screening Scorea |
77.40 | 24.76 | 0–97.20 | 97.28 | 3.31 | 90–100 | 99.10 | 1.38 | 97–100 | 9.75*** | SLI < ADHD, TD |
| Test of Narrative Language: Comprehensionb |
7.05 | 2.70 | 3–11 | 11.25 | 2.67 | 7–15 | 11.65 | 2.83 | 6–18 | 17.33*** | SLI < ADHD, TD |
| Test of Narrative Language: Oral Narrationb |
6.35 | 2.35 | 1–11 | 9.35 | 2.27 | 5–14 | 10.60 | 2.30 | 8–15 | 17.90*** | SLI < ADHD, TD |
| Conners’ Parent Rating Scale—Revised: DSM–IV Inattentivec |
60.20 | 12.17 | 45–86 | 75.30 | 7.78 | 65–88 | 52.30 | 10.98 | 40–80 | 24.88*** | SLI, TD < ADHD |
| Conners’ Parent Rating Scale—Revised: DSM–IV Hyperactivec |
56.90 | 10.35 | 45–78 | 79.55 | 7.49 | 69–90 | 49.75 | 6.95 | 41–67 | 68.56*** | TD<SLI<ADHD |
| Child Behavior Checklist: Externalizingd |
51.90 | 14.41 | 24–73 | 64.40 | 9.32 | 44–79 | 45.45 | 10.50 | 33–67 | 13.77*** | SLI, TD < ADHD |
| Child Behavior Checklist: Internalizingd |
53.60 | 10.48 | 39–73 | 58.90 | 11.69 | 39–78 | 45.95 | 7.85 | 33–67 | 8.25** | TD < ADHD |
| Feelings About School Survey: General Attitudes toward Schoole |
3.97 | 0.95 | 1.67–5.00 | 4.07 | 1.08 | 1.67–5.00 | 4.17 | 0.83 | 2.33–5.00 | 0.126 | SLI, ADHD, TD |
| Feelings About School Survey: Relationship with Teachere |
4.48 | 0.79 |
2.33–5.00 |
4.60 |
0.55 |
3.33–5.00 |
4.43 |
0.87 |
1.67–5.00 |
0.266 |
SLI, ADHD, TD |
| Feelings About School Survey: Perceived Math Competencee |
4.25 |
0.98 |
2.00–5.00 |
3.95 |
1.35 |
1.00–5.00 |
4.37 |
0.54 |
3.50–5.00 |
0.935 |
SLI, ADHD, TD |
| Feelings About School Survey: Perceived Literacy Competencee |
4.00 |
1.32 |
1.00–5.00 |
4.05 |
1.26 |
1.00–5.00 |
4.43 |
0.69 |
3.00–5.00 |
0.434 |
SLI, ADHD, TD |
| Child Behavior Checklist: Number of Close Friendsf |
1.75 | 0.78 | 0–3.0 | 1.40 | 0.82 | 0–2.0 | 2.40 | 0.68 | 1.0–3.0 | 8.80*** | SLI, ADHD < TD |
| Child Behavior Checklist: Frequency of Contact With Friendsg |
1.10 | 0.72 | 0–2.0 | 0.70 | 0.67 | 0–2.0 | 1.35 | 0.75 | 0–2.0 | 4.29* | ADHD < TD |
a
Scale 0 to 100;
b
Subtest standard score (M = 10, SD =3);
c
T score: scale 40–90, scores > 65 usually indicate clinically significant problems;
d
T score: scale 33–100, scores > 63 usually indicate clinically significant problems;
e
Composite average across key items using 5-point scale (1 = very negative, 3 = neutral, 5 = very positive);
f
Scale: 0 = none, 1 = one, 2 = two to three, 3 = four or more;
g
Scale: 0 = less than once, 1 = one to two, 2 = three or more.
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001.