. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2015 May 22;26(8):1299–1310. doi: 10.1007/s13361-015-1164-4

Table 1.

Representative Beta Chain Hemoglobin Variants

Hemoglobin	Original Geographic Association	Amino Acid Substitution	Trait^a	Occurrence^a	Note^b
S	Africa	E6V	(AS) 8%	(AS) 1:12 (SS) 1:500	mild moderate/severe
C	Africa	E6K	(AC) 2%	(AC) 1:40 (CC) 1:150	benign mild
E^c	Asia	E26K	(AE) 10%	(AE) 1:10 (EE) -	benign mild
D Los Angeles^d	Europe/India	E121Q	rare	1:30,000	benign
SC	Africa	E6V/E6K	-	(SC) 1:2,500	moderate/severe
SE	-	E6V/E26K	-	-	moderate/severe
SD	-	E6V/E121Q	-	-	moderate/severe

Trait and Occurrence in USA – in African Americans and in Asian American Immigrants

Degree of hemolytic anemia

Prevalent in Southeast Asia and ranges from 30–60% dependent upon region

Also known as D Punjab - occurs in 3% of individuals from India and Pakistan