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Recombinant expression of OprF increases complement-mediated killing of E. coli. An OprF-expressing strain of E. coli and vector control were incubated with 20% normal human serum, heat-inactivated serum, and C5-depleted serum for 45 min at 37°C. Bacterial survival is expressed as CFU/ml. Data represent means ± SEM from a representative experiment (n = 3; ***, P ≤ 0.005, unpaired Student's t test).
