Table 4.

Respondent-cited difficulties that were experienced during preparation for global marketing.

Manufacturers	Company no.	Inexperience in administrative tasks	Low manpower	Low brand power	Limitation of business management	Language problems	Lack of overseas market information	Lack of overseas branches	Difficulties with foreign trade processes	Insufficient funds	Lack of marketing strategies	Difficulties in finding business partners	Ignorance of overseas buyer demands	Other	P value∗
Dietary supplement manufacturing group
Ginseng product manufacturers	186	20 (11.0)	126 (67.7)	40 (21.5)	32 (17.3)	17 (9.1)	21 (11.3)	19 (10.3)	9 (5.1)	19 (10.4)	23 (12.4)	5 (2.5)	2 (1.1)	0 (0.0)	<0.0001
Herbal drink manufacturers	108	10 (8.9)	25 (23.2)	12 (10.9)	23 (20.9)	10 (9.0)	16 (15.0)	17 (16.2)	6 (5.4)	28 (26.3)	21 (19.4)	22 (20.6)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Herb extract manufacturers	64	23 (35.6)	31 (48.8)	17 (26.5)	8 (13.2)	0 (0.0)	8 (13.2)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	8 (13.2)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Herbal medicine manufacturing group
Traditional herbal medicine manufacturers	111	13 (11.7)	24 (21.4)	14 (12.6)	13 (11.7)	39 (35.1)	0 (0.0)	11 (9.7)	11 (9.7)	0 (0.0)	10 (9.4)	26 (23.4)	14 (12.6)	10 (9.4)
Conventional herbal medicine manufacturers	12	1 (11.2)	0 (0.0)	4 (29.9)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (11.2)	5 (40.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	7 (57.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Personal care product manufacturing group
Herbal cosmetics manufacturers	65	13 (20.6)	24 (36.2)	6 (8.5)	6 (8.5)	7 (10.3)	10 (15.9)	19 (29.1)	0 (0.0)	6 (8.5)	5 (7.1)	0 (0.0)	6 (8.8)	7 (10.3)	<0.0001
Herbal sanitizer manufacturers	21	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	11 (50.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	11 (50.0)	11 (50.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)

Note. The questions were answered by companies that had experience with market globalization. The questions allowed for multiple answers. The values are the numbers (percentages) of participants.

^∗ P value using the chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables; P values with statistical significance are presented in bold.